Week 2 - The Olmecs | Mapa Mental

Week 2 - The Olmecs

EVIDENCE FOR SOCIAL INEQUALITY
1. Egalitarian
  1. Little differenciates one person from another
    1. Villages similar across a region
      1. Achievements, age, and sex constitute the basis for their identity, achieved status
2. Social Ranking
  1. Settlement system with central village
    1. Appearence of civic/ceremonial structures
      1. Differences in access to goods/quantity
        Ascribed status
3. Men's Houses - Aligns with suns passage on equinox with a bell shaped pit in the middle. Found remnants of wild tobacco.
4. Tecomates - Gourd-shaped vessels
5. Tlatilco Mask - life and death joined
THE OLMEC
1. "Olmec" - Aztec name for the people who occupied the Gulf Coast
  1. Derived from their word for "Rubber"
2. The Kunze Axe
  1. not sharp or utilitarian
3. The Olmec Heartland
  1. San Lorenzo
    1. La Venta
      1. Tres Zapotes
        Laguna de los Cerros
        "Superman" Basalt
        50 earthen mounds
        Inscriptions found = MARK the BEGINNING OF WRITING in Mexico
        Sustained occupation post-la venta
        Stela-C
        Stela - Carving set vertically into ground
        Numeric System - 1 bar = 5, 1 dot = 1
      2. Island, 18 mi inland, middle of river
        900-400BC
        Offering #4
        Tombs above ground
        Pyramid of Clay
    2. 1500 BC
      1. Over 50 stone sculptures across plateau surface
        Destroyed by invasion or other turmoil ca. 900 BC
        10 giant heads
  2. EARLIEST
    1. LATEST
4. The Olmec Fronteir
  1. Manati
    1. Las Bocas
      1. Tlatico
        "Pretty Ladies"
        Chalcatzingo
        located in the highlands
        Burials in crypts, jade ear spools, pendants, necklaces, and La Venta-style figurines
        Farming on artifical terraces
        deer and rabbit hunted, but dog was most common food
        first occupied 1500 BC, height from 700-500 BC
        Oxtotitlan
        Guerrero, Mexico
        MURAL - above the entrence to cave on the interior -man with bird features on altar/throne -OLMEC INFLUENCE- x-motif, fangs, alter, animal and human mix
        PAINTING 1-D- Suggesting a (possibly sexual) connection between Jaguars and Humans
      2. Baby Figurines and Ceramics made of Kaolin Clay
        Olmec motifs and faces found on figurines
    2. Wooden Sculptures dating from 12-1500BC
      1. Rubber ball cache
        Waterlogged site allowed wooden sculptures to preserve
5. DISTINCTIVE ART FEATURES
  1. Olmec "Style" Facial Features
    1. thick lips
      1. snarl
        almond shape eyes
        angry expression
        thick eyebrows
    2. 3-D Bodies
      1. Giant Heads
        Altars/Thrones
        WereJaguar Celts
        baby werejaguars
        baby figurines
        Human Anatomy art
        Flaming eyebrows
6. Environment and Susistence Strategies
  1. Unstable, marshy environment
  2. Cultivation of an early form of maize, mano and metate fragments, 1500 BC
    1. Possible cultivation of manioc
      1. gardens next to houses
        Swidden system (slash and burn agriculture)
NON-OLMEC
1. Monte Alban
  1. Starts to be build during Pre-classic period
    1. Replaced San Jose Mogote as Valley of Oaxaca's most powerful settlement
      1. Constructed about 400m above Valley floor around 500 BC
        Hilltop at juncture of three valleys
        TEMPLE OF THE DANZANTES
        MOUND L - 330 slabs of sculptures
        MOUND J - stone-faced building in shape of arrowhead pointing south
        "THE OBSERVATORY"
        Interpreted as records of the towns conquest
        Inverted heads represent defeated rulers

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Week 2 - The Olmecs

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	Creado por Caitlin Mongon hace casi 5 años