Chemistry AS Revision

Atomic Structure
1. Locate The Groups and The Groups Charecteristics
2. All Material things are made up of Atoms
  1. Over 100 Types of Atoms Called Elements
3. The mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons
Ionic Compounds
1. Electrically charged particles, Made when Atoms loose or gain Electrons
2. Metal Atoms loose electrons, to become Positively Charged Ions
  1. Non Metal Atoms gain Electrons to become Negatively Charged Ions
    1. Dot and cross Diagrams to show ions in some common Compunds
    2. Compounds such as Sodium Chloride are arranged in a 'Lattice'
Covalent Compunds
1. Non-Metals combine together by sharing Electrons
  1. Giant Molecular Compunds
    1. Contains Non-Metal Atoms
      1. Characteristics
        High Melting Points
        Variable Conductivity
2. Dot and Cross diagrams Show how pairs of Bonds Form
  1. Simple Molecular Compounds
    1. Only a few atoms held by strong covalent Bonds
3. Covalent Bonds do not Conduct Electricity.
Periodic Table
1. A Table of Metals and Non Metals
  1. Arranged in the order of Atomic Numbers
    1. Different Groups contain Elements with similar Propities
    2. Using Atomic Number instead of Atomic Mass as the organising principle Was first proposed by...
      1. Henry Moseley
  2. Russian Chemist Called Dmitri Mendeleev, Discovered a sensible way to order Elements
    1. Mendeleev Put them in order of Relative Atomic Mass
Chemical Reactions
1. Endo and Exo Reactions
  1. Endothermic
    1. Take in Energy from the Surroundings
      1. Examples =
        Electrolysis
        Photosynthesis
  2. Exothermic
    1. Transfer Energy to The surroundings
      1. Examples =
        Combustion (Burning)
        Neutraliastion
Quantitative Chemistry
1. Relative Atomic Mass [Ar]
  1. Relative Formula Mass
    1. Example 1:
      1. Find the [Mr] of carbon monoxide, {CO}. The [Ar] of Carbon is 12, and The [Ar] of Oxygen is 16, So the [Mr] is 12 + 16 = 28
        In all Chemical reactions, The total Reactants used is equal to the total mass of the products made
2. Empirical Formulae
  1. Method
    1. Find Mass
      1. Look Up Relative [Ar] Values
        Divide MASS by Ar
        Find The Ratio
        IMPORTANT - Take Caution

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