demography is the study of
characteristics of human population
such as their size and structure and
how these change overtime
demographic changes in the UK include
> declining birth rate, fertility
rate, infant mortality rate, death
rate, increased life expectancy
and an ageing population
birth rate
number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
why its declining?
changes in the position of women,
decline in infant mortality rate,
children becoming an economic
liability and child centredness
Death rate
number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year
why its declining
improved nutrition, medical improvements,
public health measures, environmental
improvements and other social changes
life expectancy
refers to how long on
average a person is given
to live
death rates have
fallen so life
expectancy is longer
class, gender and
regional differences
may affect this
ageing population
a population where the
average age is getting
higher with a greater
proportion of the
population over
retirement age and a
smaller proportion of
young people
effects of this are
public services being
overused, one person
pensioner households,
the dependency ration
increase
migration
migration refers to
movement of people
place to place, this
can be internal,
within a society or
international
immigration> movement
into a country, emigration>
movement out of a country
net migration> difference between the
numbers immigrating and the numbers
emigrating and is expressed as net in/decrease
due to migration