Chemistry C1

Chemistry C1

1.1 Atoms
1. All substances are made up of atoms
2. The periodic table lists all the chemical elements, with eight main groups each containing elements with similar chemical properties.
3. Elements contain only one type of atom
4. Compounds contain more than one type of atom
5. An atom hass a tiny nucleus at its centre, surrounded by electrons.
1.2 Chemical Equations
1. No new atoms are ever created or destroyed in a chemical reaction : the total mass of reactants = total mass of products
2. There is the same number of each type of atom on each side of a balanced symbol equation
3. You can include state symbols to give extra information in balanced symbol equations, (l) for liquid, (s) for solid, (g( for gases and (aq) for aqueoud solutions
1.3 Seperating Mixtures
1. A mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together
2. Mixtures caan be seperated by physical means, such as filtratio, crystalisation, and simple distillation.
1.4 Fractional distillation and paper chromotography
1. Fractional distillation is an effective way of seperating miscible liquids, using a fractionating column.
  1. The seperation ias possible because of the different boiling points of the liquids in the mixture.
2. Paper chromotography seperated mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromotography paper.
  1. The different substances are seperated because of their different solubilities in the solvent used
1.5 Histpry of the atom

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