2750789
Descripción
Mapa Mental por Keely Mountjoy, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Keely Mountjoy
hace más de 9 años
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OTTAWA CHARTER
- Prerequisites/conditions that must be available
- peace. Countries and communities that are
experiencing peace are able to utilise their
resources for promoting health. Conflict on the
other hand, often diverts resources away from
health to other areas, such as defence.
- shelter. Shelter is required for both
protection from the elements and safety.
Those without shelter are at the mercy of
their environment and often spend energy
finding shelter, which does not allow
significant improvements to health to be
made.
- education. Education is an
influencing factor for other
determinants such as employment
and literacy. A lack of education does
not provide individuals and
community with the necessary
resources to take control of their
health.
- food. Nutrition is essential for the
adequate functioning of the body.
Limited or no access to a variety of food
containing all necessary nutrients does
not allow individuals to improve their
health.
- income. Income
influences a range of
factors such as housing,
education, food intake
and access to health
care. Limited income
prevents many
individuals from
accessing these
resources.
- a stable ecosystem. This refers
to the balance between the
landscape and species (both
plants and animals) that live in
an environment. There will be
fluctuations in the balance, but
changes should not be too
pronounced. The ecosystem
provides many resources for
health, including food, air and
water.
- sustainable resources. Many
resources are required for health,
such as food, water and a source of
income. These resources can
include fish, oil supplies and timber
for building. If these resources are
not sustainable, future generations
will not be able to benefit from
them.
- social justice and
equity. This refers to all
people being valued
and receiving fair
treatment. It goes
beyond enforcing laws
and ensures that all
people can share in the
benefits of a society.
- peace. Countries and communities that are
experiencing peace are able to utilise their
resources for promoting health. Conflict on the
other hand, often diverts resources away from
health to other areas, such as defence.
- Strategies for health promotion
- Advocate; actions that seek to gain support
from governments and societies in general to
make the changes necessary to improve the
determinants of health for everyone
- Enable;ensuring access to education,
employment, adequate housing,
nutritious food and health care
- Mediate; relates to helping groups resolve
conflicts on changes to funding, legislation and
policies and produce outcomes that promote
health
- Advocate; actions that seek to gain support
from governments and societies in general to
make the changes necessary to improve the
determinants of health for everyone
- Action areas
- Build healthy public policy. This relates directly to the
decisions made by government and organisations in
relation to laws and policies that affect health.
Examples include removing the goods and services tax
(GST) on unprocessed foods (which are healthier
options than processed foods) and increasing the tax
on certain alcoholic drinks. Policies and laws such as
these make it more difficult for people to participate
in unhealthy behaviours, thereby reducing exposure
to determinants that can cause ill health. Some of
these are designed to make the environment healthier
for those who choose not to participate in unhealthy
behaviours (such as banning smoking in public places)
and others aim to directly influence behaviour (such
as the compulsory wearing of seatbelts). In this
capacity, laws and policies make healthier choices
easier choices.
- Create supportive environments. A supportive
environment is one that promotes health by being
safe, stimulating, satisfying and enjoyable.
Supportive environments promote health by helping
people practise healthy behaviours. Examples of this
include Quitline (a support service for smokers
wanting to quit, which provides a supportive social
environment), providing shaded areas in school
playgrounds (reducing the rate of UV exposure, which
provides a supportive physical environment) and
investing in sustainable energy production (ensuring
that future generations also have access to a healthy
environment). This priority area recognises the
impact that the broader determinants have on
health and aims to promote a healthy physical and
social environment for all members of the
community. A healthy physical and social
environment includes a satisfying and fulfilling work
and social life (including support for those who need
it) and can help with improving health status. This
action area also
- Strengthen community action. This priority area focuses
on building links between individuals and the community
and centres around the community working together to
achieve a common goal. Giving the community a sense of
ownership of a health strategy increases the likelihood of
its effectiveness. The Central Australian Aboriginal
Congress (CAAC) in Alice Springs is an example of this.
CAAC is a health service provider and educator run by
Aboriginal people for Aboriginal people. The rates of
participation in the CAAC program are high as people feel
a connection. A range of Aboriginal people in Central
Australia work together to promote the wellbeing of their
community. The service provides health care, education
and advocacy. The more people who work together
towards a common goal, the greater the chance of
success. Another example of this is the government’s
immunisation strategy.
- Develop personal skills. Education is the key
aspect of this priority area. Education refers to
gaining health-related knowledge (such as
attending classes teaching healthy cooking
techniques) and gaining life skills that allow
people to make informed decisions that may
indirectly effect health (such as talking to people
to resolve conflict rather than using violence).
- Reorient health services. This priority area refers to
reorienting the health system so that it promotes
health as opposed to only focussing on diagnosing and
treating illness, as is the case with the biomedical
model. In order to reorient health services, the health
system must encompass not only doctors and
hospitals, but all members of the community including
individuals, community groups, health professionals,
health service institutions and governments. The social
model of health sees individuals as a whole person, not
just a physical being. A health system that reflects the
social model of health must therefore address all of
the determinants of health, not just diseases. This
requires a shift towards health promotion, which
includes doctors taking on the role of educator. This
priority area does not suggest neglecting the
biomedical model, but rather incorporating health
promotion to play a more significant role. Examples of
this priority area include focusing on healthy eati
- Build healthy public policy. This relates directly to the
decisions made by government and organisations in
relation to laws and policies that affect health.
Examples include removing the goods and services tax
(GST) on unprocessed foods (which are healthier
options than processed foods) and increasing the tax
on certain alcoholic drinks. Policies and laws such as
these make it more difficult for people to participate
in unhealthy behaviours, thereby reducing exposure
to determinants that can cause ill health. Some of
these are designed to make the environment healthier
for those who choose not to participate in unhealthy
behaviours (such as banning smoking in public places)
and others aim to directly influence behaviour (such
as the compulsory wearing of seatbelts). In this
capacity, laws and policies make healthier choices
easier choices.
- LOGO
- The outside circle, in red, represents the action
area of ‘Building Healthy Public Policy’,
therefore symbolising the need for policies to
‘hold things together’. This circle encompasses
the three wings, symbolising the need to
address all five key action areas of health
promotion identified in the Ottawa Charter.
The round spot within the circle stands for the
three basic strategies for health promotion,
‘enabling, mediating, and advocacy’, which are
needed for and applied to all health promotion
action areas. The three wings represent (and
contain the words of) the five key action areas
for health promotion that were identified in the
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.
- More specifically: The upper wing that is breaking the
circle represents that action is needed to ‘strengthen
community action’ and to ‘develop personal skills’. This
wing is breaking the circle to symbolise that society and
communities as well as individuals are constantly
changing and, therefore, the policy sphere has to
constantly react and develop to reflect these changes: a
‘healthy public policy’ is needed. The middle wing on the
right side represents that action is needed to ‘create
supportive environments for health’. The bottom wing
represents that action is needed to ‘reorient health
services’ towards preventing diseases and promoting
health. Overall, the logo visualises the idea that health
promotion relies on a number of different strategies
and actions being used together to improve health for
all.
- The outside circle, in red, represents the action
area of ‘Building Healthy Public Policy’,
therefore symbolising the need for policies to
‘hold things together’. This circle encompasses
the three wings, symbolising the need to
address all five key action areas of health
promotion identified in the Ottawa Charter.
The round spot within the circle stands for the
three basic strategies for health promotion,
‘enabling, mediating, and advocacy’, which are
needed for and applied to all health promotion
action areas. The three wings represent (and
contain the words of) the five key action areas
for health promotion that were identified in the
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.
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