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POWER: Key terms and Theorists
Descripción
A-level English Mapa Mental sobre POWER: Key terms and Theorists, creado por harriet.ward2 el 26/05/2015.
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english
a-level
Mapa Mental por
harriet.ward2
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
harriet.ward2
hace alrededor de 9 años
16
2
0
Resumen del Recurso
POWER: Key terms and Theorists
WAREING
Political Power: Power held by politicians and those working within the law
Personal Power: Power held as a result of an occupation
Social Group Power: Power held from being part of a dominant social group
FAIRCLOUGH
Instrumental Power: maintains and enforces authority
Influential Power: influences and persuades others
Power in Discourse: power expressed through language used
Power behind Discourse: power expressed through the social statuses of the person speaking
Synthetic Personalisation: the construction of a relationship between producer and receiver, often through second person pronoun, "you"
Members' Resources: background information that readers use in order to interpret texts
HOLME AND STUBBE
Small Talk: talk that is primarily interactional in orientation- geared towards establishing relationships
Repressive Discourse Strategy: an indirect way of exercising power & control through conversational contraints
Oppressive Discourse Strategy: linguistic behaviour that is open in its exercising of power and control
BROWN AND LEVINSON
GOFFMAN
Face: a person's self esteem or emotional needs
Positive Face: the need to feel wanted, liked and appreciated
Negative Face: the need to have freedom of thought and action, and not feel imposed on
Face Threatening Act: a communicative act that threatens someones positive or negative face
Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies: redressive strategies that a speaker might use to avoid a FTA
HOWARD GILES
Accomodation Theory
Everyone has a specific way of speaking to a particular social group, we either:
Converge: communicate in a similar way to fit in
Diverge: communicate in an accentuated way to maximise oneself
Episemtic Modality: words expressing degrees of possibility, probability or certainty, eg shall/will
Deontic Modality: words expressing degrees of necessity and obligation eg may/must
Symmetrical Address Form: speakers who have the same status
Asymmetrical Address Form: one speaker if of higher status than the other
Also know as Power Asymmetry or Unequal Encounter
Ideology: set of belief systems or attitudes
Powerful Participant: the speaker with higher status- they are able to impose a degree of power
Formulation: the rewording of another's contribution by a powerful participant to impose a certain meaning
Less Powerful Participants: those with less status- subject to constraints imposed by powerful participant
Constraints: the ways in which powerful participants block or control contributions of a less powerful one
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