B1: FITNESS AND HEALTH

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Will make revision more easier than just looking at textbooks. A more visual way of learning :)
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B1: FITNESS AND HEALTH
  1. Health and Fitness
    1. Being healthy means being free from infectious disease, together with having total physical and mental well being.
      1. Being fit relates to how much physical activity you are capable of doing and how quickly your body recovers.
        1. Exercises that are measurable: STRENGTH, STAMINA, FLEXIBILTY, AGILITY AND SPEED.
          1. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFICIENCY:- How well heart copes with aerobic exercise and how quick it recovers after.
    2. Pulse
      1. Each time heart beats, the arteries pulse (throb) this can be felt at the wrist or neck.
        1. Pulse is measure in BPM, a normal rate is between 60-100bpm.
          1. Fitness is normally assessed by measuring how quickly pulse rate RECOVERS. The fitter the person, the faster the recovery time.
      2. The Circulatory System
        1. The HEART pumps blood around the body in BLOOD VESSELS, called ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES and VEINS.
          1. The heart is a MUSCULAR pump. It relaxes and contracts, so it's always under PRESSURE.
            1. This ensures cells get Oxygen for respiration and removes Carbon Dioxide as waste product
        2. Blood Pressure
          1. This is a measure of THE FORCE OF BLOOD PER UNIT AREA as it flows through the arteries.
            1. It is measure in mm Hg (millimetres of mercury)
              1. SYSTOLIC PRESSURE:- When heart muscle contracts, forcing blood into arteries of body
                1. DIASTOLIC PRESSURE:- When heart relaxes, pressure in arteries drops.
          2. Healthy Blood Pressure
            1. Normal Blood Pressure: 120/80mmHg
              1. Regular AEROBIC EXERCISE strengthens the heart and helps maintain a normal blood pressure.
                1. Factors that increase blood pressure:
                  1. HIGH STRESS LEVELS
                    1. SMOKING - Carbon Monoxide reduces ability for RBC's to carry Oxygen, so heart has to beat faster and also Nicotine affects heart making it beat faster
                      1. EXCESS ALCOHOL
                        1. EXCESS WEIGHT - due to lack of exercise and poor diet, puts a strain on heart.
                          1. EATING HIGH LEVELS OF SALT
                            1. EATING HIGH LEVELS OF SATURATED FATS - this builds up CHOLESTEROL
                        2. Long-term high blood pressure can weaken the blood vessel and burst and can cause permenant brain or kidney damage
                          1. Low blood pressure can be a problem too as blood does not cirlculate easily so some parts of the body do not get Oxygen, this can lead to:
                            1. Diziness and Fainting and you can get cold hands and feet
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