Skeletal System

Skeletal System

Injuries
1. Skeletal System absorbs impacts and collisions so can lead to injury
  1. Some injuries are chronic, which means they develop over a period of time and usually caused by stress
    1. Caused by training too hard, poor technique, poor footwear and lack of recovery time
2. Chronic injury
  1. Occur due to repeated powerful muscle movement
  2. Injuries should be treated by applying an ice-pack and resting for several weeks
  3. Physiotherapy and possibly cortisone injections may be needed to treat these conditions
3. Shin splints
  1. Shin splints are pains in the lower leg, caused by continuous stress over a long period of time
  2. Either the tendons around the tibia become inflamed, or 'stress fractured' develop
    1. Stress fractures are cracks along the length of the bone
  3. Shin splints should be treated with ice packs and plenty of rest. Cushioned footwear and special insoles can help to prevent the injury returning
4. Acute injuries
  1. Sprained/twisted ankle
    1. Occur suddenly during an activity
    2. Sprains
      1. They involve ligaments rather than muscles and tendons
      2. Sprains occur when the ligaments at the joints get stretched and torn
        A sharp twist of the foot can give you a sprained or twisted ankle. Severe sprains result in torn ligaments
5. Fractures
  1. Simple
    1. Means that the bone is cracked but the shin is not broken
  2. Compound
    1. Means that the skin is broken and the bone is sticking out
  3. Caused by violent impacts, most common in contact sports like rugby and sports where there is a risk of falling from height or at spped
    1. Fractures are difficult to prevent as they cause by sudden and unexpected events or incidents. Using correct technique and playing by the rules can help reduce the risk
      1. Fractures should be treated by immobilizing the injured area with a splint or sling
        The casualty should not be moved until a ambulance arrives unless necessary
  4. Fractures lead to; bruising, swelling, nerve damage(pain), limbs in area become immobile
6. Dislocation
  1. Occurs when a bone is pulled or twisted out of plave at a joint
  2. When a dislocation is the shoulder occurs the humerus is pulled out of the socket on the scapula
  3. Very painful, require hospital treatment to move the bone back into position. The ligaments and tissue around the joint can take a long time to recover
Short and Long term effects of exercise
1. Joints have to work harder
  1. Increase production of synovial fluid, which is secreted around the synovial joints to increase range and movement ease
2. Weight-bearing exercise can help to maintain bone density and strength
  1. Both aerobic exercise and weight training, but must be weight bearing to increase bone strength
  2. Stringer denser bones are better at carrying weight and are more resistant to injury

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