The Chemistry of Life

Nota:

• It is the basic unit of matter. It is made of sub-atomic particles

1. Protons

   Nota:

   • It is one of the three sub-atomic particles that make up Atom.
   1. It has positive charge
   2. 1 atomic mass unit
2. Neutrons

   Nota:

   • It is one of the three sub-atomic particles that make up Atom.
   1. It has no charge
   2. 1 atomic mass unit
3. Electron

   Nota:

   • It is one of the three sub-atomic particles that make up Atom.
   1. 0.0005 atomic mass unit
   2. It has negative charge
4. Stucture

   Nota:

   • Always 2 electron on the first level.
5. Isotopes
   1. Atoms of different elements that in the number of neutrons

Nota:

• The bond that held Atoms together.

1. Covalent Bond
   1. examples
      1. C02
   2. share eletron
2. Ionic Bond
   1. Transfer eletron
   2. example
      1. Nace

1. 2 or more different elements
2. Example
   1. O2

1. Water molecule
   1. Structure
      1. Oxygen
      2. Hydrogen
      3. fuction
         1. polar

            Nota:

            • Polar is a molecule that has uneven charges
      4. Hydrogen-bonding

         Nota:

         • The attraction between hydrogen and oxygen atom on the water molecule is hydrogen bonding
         1. Weaker than covalent and ionic
2. unique properties

   Nota:

   • It is cause by polarity and Hydrogen bonding.
   1. High specific heat capacity
      1. It takes more energy to heat it up
   2. Cohesion

      Nota:

      • It is an attraction between molecules of same substance.
      1. Water stick to itself
   3. Adhesion

      Nota:

      • It is an attraction between molecules of different substance.
      1. Water sticks to other things
3. PH

   Nota:

   • It stands for Potential hydrogen
   1. Acid

      Nota:

      • An acid is any compound that form H+ ions in solution
   2. Base

      Nota:

      • A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution.
   3. PH Scaale
   4. Neutral

      Nota:

      • It has the ph of 7. 

1. Chemistry of Carbon
   1. Stable
   2. Can bond with 4 other elements
2. Structure
   1. Rings
   2. Chains
   3. Branches

1. Polymers

   Nota:

   • It means many units join together
2. Monomers

   Nota:

   • It is singer unit

1. Carbohydrates

   Nota:

   • Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 1:2:1. It is short term energy.
2. Lipids

   Nota:

   • Lipids are insoluble. It is made form carbon and hydrogen atoms. It is long term energy.
   1. triglycerides

      Nota:

      • A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids. 
   2. steroids

      Nota:

      • A steroid is an organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific configuration.
   3. phospholipids

      Nota:

      • Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes. They can form lipid bilayers because of their amphiphilic characteristic.
      1. Fitty acids

         Nota:

         • Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat. 
         1. Saturated
         2. Untaturated
3. Proteins

   Nota:

   • Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
4. Nucleic acids

   Nota:

   • Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.
   1. DNA

      Nota:

      • Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
   2. RNA

      Nota:

      • RNA is a polymeric molecule implicated in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.