types of hazards and how we can measure them

aspects of a hazard
1. geophysical hazard - caused by land processes
2. atmospheric - caused by atmospheric processes
3. hydrological - caused by water bodies
4. the frequency of a hazard
5. the magnitude
6. the intensity
human responses to hazards
1. perception
  1. economic and cultural factors can influence perceptions
2. response
  1. fatalism- hazards are uncontrollable and any losses sould be accepted
3. prediction- using reacherch and past events so warnings can be made or potentially prevented
4. adaptation - live with hazard by changing lifestyle choices
5. mitigation- lessen severity
6. managment- coordinated strategies to lessen severity
7. risk sharing- community preparedness
the park modle
1. representation of steps carried out in hazard recovery
  1. rough indication of time frame
  2. the steepness of the curve shows how quickly an area deteriorates and recovers
2. stage 1- relief
  1. immediate local response
  2. immediate appeal for foreign aid
  3. hours to days
3. stage 2 - rehabilitation
  1. services begin to be restored
  2. temporary shelters and hospitals set up
  3. food and water distributed
  4. coordinated foreign aid, e.g military
  5. days to weeks
4. stage 3 - reconstruction
  1. restoring area to same quality or better
  2. weeks to years
  3. area back to normal - crops, ecosystems
  4. infrastructure rebuilt and mitigation efforts for future
the hazard management cycle
1. preparedness - being ready, education, training
2. response - immediate action, evacuation, medical assistance
3. recovery - long term responses, reconstruction
4. mitigation- lessen affects of a future hazard, barriers, warning signals
5. outlines the stages in responding to events
the structure of the earth
1. inner core
  1. iron/nickle
  2. very hot due to pressure and radioactive decay
2. outer core
  1. semi-molten
  2. iron/nickle
3. mantle
  1. asthenosphere
    1. semi-molten
    2. moves due to convection currents
    3. lithosphere above
      1. broken up into plates
      2. made up of upper mantle and crust
  2. mainly solid, high in silicon
4. crust
  1. oceanic crust is dense and is destroyed by plate movement
  2. continental crust is less dense and is not destroyed

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types of hazards and how we can measure them

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	Creado por sophie gregory hace 19 días