UNIT 7: MEETING INDIVIDUALS NEEDS A1-A4

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
1. This is based in London, it consists of MP's and civil servants. They are responsible for running the country and decision making on behalf of the country. E.G Department of health
  1. ROLE
    1. Provide services
    2. Plan services
    3. Fund services
    4. Make policies
    5. Legislate
    6. Regulate
  2. REASON FOR REFORM SERVICES
    1. Changes in populations health/morbidity trends change
    2. Respond to demographic trends
    3. Respond to resource change
    4. Clinical needs may change
    5. Research will inform of needs to change
    6. Maintain high level of service
    7. Maintain high level of standard
  3. REVIEWING LEGISLATION REGULARY
    1. Strengthen existing legislation/close loopholes
    2. Protect and support rights of vulnerable people
    3. Could improve health/wellbeing
    4. Identifies what does/doesn't work
    5. Ensures needs are met
    6. Widens legislation to cover more people
  4. PROMOTING HIGH QUALITY OF CARE
    1. Enforces standards
    2. Establish bodies E.G NICE
    3. Sets targets
      1. Introduces new ways of providing service (M.E.C)
    4. Act quick when things go wrong
    5. Rights being met
  5. ISSUES
    1. Lack of money
    2. Can ignore professional bodies advice to follow political agenda
    3. Standards not always enforced- leads to mistakes (Baby P)
A1-SECTORS
1. Public (statuatory)
  1. MIXED ECONOMY OF CARE
    1. This is where all four of these sectors combine to deliver care. E.G a doctor referring a patient to a residential home
      1. Greater choice
      2. Greater Flexibility
      3. Needs led
      4. Independence/empowerment promoted
      5. Cost effective
  2. KEY FEATURES
    1. Care delivered by the state (NHS)
    2. Created laws
    3. Paid for via taxes
    4. Everyone has entitlement to care
    5. Mainly free except things such as dentist/eye tests/prescriptions
    6. Low income/pregnant exempt from charges
    7. E.G-Hospitals/GP's/social services
    8. BENEFITS
      1. Provides funding for services (free so accessible)
      2. People have a right to care
      3. Promotes high quality services
      4. New legislation can improve provision of services
      5. Promotes equal access
      6. Can respond quickly to emergencies (epidemics)
      7. ISSUES
        Costs a lot
        Demand is high
        Public expectation are high
        Can be bureaucratic
        Nanny state (no personal responsibilty)
2. Private (independent)
  1. KEY FEATURES
    1. Part of independent sector
    2. Private businesses run to make profit
    3. Charge service users/NHS
    4. E.G-Care homes/BUPA
    5. ROLE
      1. Part of mixed economy of care
      2. Private provides greater choice
      3. Better resources
      4. Respond to demand quicker
      5. Highly innovative
    6. ISSUES
      1. Creates inequality- those who can afford it get better treatment
      2. Can be very expensive
      3. Only interested in profit making
      4. Pushes out voluntary sector- can't compete
      5. More interested in money than patient
3. Voluntary (independent)
  1. KEY FEATURES
    1. Part of independent sector
    2. Non-profit
    3. Rely on donations
    4. Not funded via taxes
    5. Rely on volunteers/have paid employees but paid via fundraising
    6. E.G- Age concern/mencap
    7. ROLE
      1. Part of mixed economy of care
      2. Reduces pressure on state
      3. Diverse
      4. Supported by public
      5. Can act as advocates
      6. Effective in lobbying
      7. Meet local care needs (st roccos)
    8. ISSUES
      1. Under pressure to compete with other agencies
      2. Reliant on government /funding to provide services
      3. Only effective if volunteers are avaliable
      4. Only effective if volunteers are avaliable
      5. Lacks resources
      6. Not specialist support
4. Informal
  2. KEY FEATURES
    1. Care provided by family/friends
    2. Unpaid
    3. E.G- Parent giving child medicine/cooking meal for elderly
    4. BENEFITS
      1. Fills gaps in care
      2. Know/care for individual
      3. Can be available 24/7
      4. ISSUES
        Can place huge burden on carer
        Not qualified- more chance of mistake
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
1. This is responsible for small geographic areas. It is made up of elected officials/civil servants. They manage needs of a specific region
2. BENEFITS
  1. Needs are met
  2. Improved self concept/esteem/image
  3. Normalisation is promoted
  4. Improved health/wellbeing
  5. Feel happy/valued
  6. Confidence develops
  7. Greater independence
  8. Empowerment
LEGISLATION
1. Laws that are passed by government, dictate what care providers must/must not do. E.G confidentiality
  1. FUNCTIONS
    1. P
      1. Protects vulnerable groups
    2. I
      1. Improved quality of care
    3. E
      1. Improved efficiency
    4. C
      1. Increased choice
    5. E
      1. Empowerment/independence promoted
        ISSUES
        Not prevented indirect discrimination
        Some care workers unaware of importance of rights
        Care users don't know/understand their rights
    6. S
      1. Speed of care increased
2. E.G- The childrens act, Mental health act, Equality Act, Data protection act
3. BENEFITS
  1. Widens access/promotes rights
  2. Promotes inclusion
  3. Prevents discrimination
  4. Offers methods of redress
  5. Service users feel valued
  6. Needs led service
  7. Promotes self esteem/concept
  8. Better quality service

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UNIT 7: MEETING INDIVIDUALS NEEDS A1-A4

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