The Biological Bases of Behaviour: The Nervous System

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Psych 104
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Resumen del Recurso

The Biological Bases of Behaviour: The Nervous System
  1. Communication in the Nervous System
    1. Nervous tissue: the Basic Hardware
      1. Parts of the neuron: Cell body, dendrites, axon, myeln sheath, terminal buttons, synapse
        1. Gila- cells that provide support to the neurons
          1. Most of the work is done by the neurons
      2. The Neural impulse: using energy to send information
        1. The Neuron at rest: resting potential of a neuron is stable, negatively charged when cell is NOT active
          1. Action Potential- travels along the neuron
            1. The neural impulse is an all or none proposition
        2. The Synapse: Where Neurons Meet
          1. Sending signals: chemicals as Couriers
            1. Neurons do not touch-seperated by the cleft
              1. Receiving Signals: Postsynaptic potentials
                1. Integrating signals: Neural networks- one message can be passed on to thousands of other neurons
          2. Neurotransmitters and behaviour
            1. Acetylcholine- activates motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
              1. Dopamine- contributes to control of voluntary movement, pleasurable emotions
                1. Norepinephrine- modulation of mood and arousal
                  1. serotonin- regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, agression
                    1. GABA- distributed inhibitory transmitter
                      1. Glutamate- implicated in learning and memory
                        1. Endorphins- helps pain relief and pleasurable emotions
          3. Organization of the Nervous system
            1. The peripheral nervous system
              1. The somatic nervous system: connect voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors
                1. The Autonomic Nervous system: nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands
                  1. Sympathetic division- branch of autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies
                    1. Parasympathetic division- the branch of the autonomic nervous system that generally conserves bodily resources
              2. The Central Nervous System
                1. Cerebrospinal fluid- nourishes the brain ad provides a cushion for it
                  1. Spinal cord: connects the brain to the rest of the body
                    1. Brain: fills the upper portion of the skull . makes a person talk, think, plan, remember, create and dream
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