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47786
Depositional Landforms
Descripción
(Coasts) Geography Mapa Mental sobre Depositional Landforms, creado por maddiemurchie23 el 16/04/2013.
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coasts
geography
geography
coasts
Mapa Mental por
maddiemurchie23
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
maddiemurchie23
hace más de 11 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Depositional Landforms
Formed by low energy waves, sand and shingle acummilating faster than removed and an abundant supply of material
Beaches
Sand - gentle gradient (5 degrees) as small particle size doesn't allow percolation so most of the swash is backwashed
Ridges - when the material is carried down the beach it creates ridges
Runnels - created in the dips between ridges where water acummilates
Storm Beach
Created by strong swash at spring high tide at the back of the beach
A ridge composed by the biggest boulders thrown by the largest waves
Berms - a series of ridges marking the successively lower high rides as the cycle goes from spring to neap
Shingle - steeper gradient (10-20 degrees) as water rapidly percolates though shingle as it has large gaps between sediment
This means the is less backwash therefore little sediment is carried back down the beach
Cusps - semicircular shaped depressions which form when waves break directly onto the beach
Ripples - developed on the sand by wave action or tidal currents
Spits
Long narrow piece of land joined to the mainland which projects out to sea or across a river estuary
Longshore drift moves material along a coastline determined by the prevailing wind.
Where the coastline changes direction the material is carried on being deposited into the sea
The increase depth of water will stop it reaching the other side of mainland
Refraction (waves bending) and a different wind direction can cause a curved end
If a spit does join the other side of land it forms a bar
Behind the spit is very low energy waves meaning finer silt and mud is deposited which can be colonised by vegetation to form a salt marsh
Spurn head, Humberside
Sand dunes
Psammosere - succession that develops on sand
Accumulations of sand shaped into mounds by the wind
Dry wide sandy beaches
Strong onshore winds to transport sand particles through saltation
An obstacle traps the sand when deposited behind is as the wind's energy reduces
Knoll Beach, Isle of Purbeck, Dorset SW England
Issues
Home to rare species of plants and birds
Vulnerable areas are planted with marram grass to stabilise the dunes
Fire hazard - BBQ's and cigarette ends
Fire beaters are positioned within the dune area
No tourist facilities
Toilets, shops and a car park was built
Litter bins
Picturesque - lots of tourists
Board walks have been laid through the dunes to keep tourists off the dunes
Information boards to educate tourists about the environment
Salt marshes
muddy shore between neap tide & extreme spring tid
Halosere - succession in a salt marsh
Low energy environment & mud
creeks - formed by the erosive power of the water draining back to the sea at falling tide
Coastal defence - acts as a big sponge
Many new salt marshes are being created due to managed retreat e.g. Essex
Threats
Industry
Being drained for agriculture
Eustatic change
Isostatic change
Tombolos
Waves refract around the island resulting in low energy behind the island
Material is deposited
Joins to the land
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