Learning

Learning

Classical Conditioning: when a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
1. Terminology and Procedures
  1. Unconditional stimulus: stimulus that evokes an unconditional response without previous conditioning.
    1. UCR: Unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning
      1. CS: neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning response.
        CR: Learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning
2. Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life
  1. Conditioned fear and anxiety
    1. Evaluative conditioning of attitude
      1. Conditioning and physiological responses
        Conditioning and drug effects
3. Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning
  1. Acquisition: forming new responses
    1. Extinction: weakening conditioned responses
      1. Spontaneous Recovery: Resurrecting responses
4. Stimulus Generalization
  1. Stimulus Discrimination: an organism that has learned a response to a specfic stimulus does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
    1. Higher-Order Conditioning: a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
5. Evolutionary and biological effects on Conditioning
  1. Conditioned Taste Aversion: The "Sauce Bearnaise syndrome"
    1. Preparedness and phobias
      1. Recent Directions in Pavlovian Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
1. Thorndike's Law Effect
  1. Law of effect: response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened
2. Basic processes in Operant Conditioning
  1. Acquisition and Shaping
    1. Extinction
      1. Stimulus Control: Generalization and Discrimination
3. Schedules of Reinforcement: Occurances of a specific response result in the presentation of a specific response result in the presentation of a reinforcer
  1. Continuous Reinforcement, Intermittent, Fixed, and variable ratio
4. Positive and Negative Reinforcement
  1. Positive: when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus
    1. Negative: when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus
5. Evolutionary and Biological effects on Conditioning
  1. Evolutionary Perspectives on learning
    1. Response-Outcome relations and reinforcement
Observational Learning
1. Basic Processes
  1. To Learn a person needs: Attention, Retention, Reproduction, and Motivation
2. Observational Learning and the Brain: Mirror Neurons
  1. Mirror neurons are neurons that are activated by performing an action or by seeing another monkey or person perform the same action

Siguiente

Descripción

Resumen del Recurso

Similar

	Creado por jadelee.gorst hace casi 9 años