Transcription is the process of making pre
mRNA using part of the DNA as a template
1.DNA helicase acts on the specific regions and break down the
hydrogen bonds between the bases and causing the strands to
separate.
2.RNA polymerase moves to the template strand
causing the nucleotides on the strand to join with the
complementary nucleotides.
Guanine pairs up with Cytosine
Thymine pairs to adenine
Adenine pairs up with Uracil
RNA polymerase adds the nucleotides to
build a strand of pre mRNA
RNA polymerase reaches the end and
attaches stop codon. The production of
pre mRNA is then complete.
Splicing
the pre-mRNA is modified to mRNA by removing
the base sequences copied from introns.
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Translation
A ribosome becomes attached to the starting
codon on the end of mRNA molecule.
tRNA molecule with the complementary anticodon
sequence moves to the ribosome and pairs up with the
sequence on the mRNA. This tRNA carries an amino acid
By the means of an enzyme and ATP, amino acids on the tRNA
joined by peptide bonds.
As this happens, the first tRNA is released from its
amino acid and is free to collect another amino acid
As this process happens, 15 amino acids being linked
each second, until the polypeptide chain is built
*Assembled into protein (primary
structure, secondary and tertiary)