SUPERPOWER COUNTRY? BRITISH EMPIRE

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(SUPERPOWERS) Geography Mapa Mental sobre SUPERPOWER COUNTRY? BRITISH EMPIRE, creado por beth.nightingale el 19/04/2013.
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Mapa Mental por beth.nightingale, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por beth.nightingale hace más de 11 años
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SUPERPOWER COUNTRY? BRITISH EMPIRE
  1. Background
    1. At its peak, the largest formal empire in the world
      1. Began in 1583 with England claiming Newfoundland off the coast of Canada
        1. Captain Cook discovered Australia in 1770 and claimed it for the empire. India and parts of Asia soon followed
          1. USA declared independence in 1776
            1. By 1922, controlled over 458 million people (25% population) and covered more than 13000000 square miles
              1. After WW2, England declared bankrupt and had to release most of remaining colonies
              2. What forms of power did Britain have over its colonies and how did it maintain and achieve this?
                1. Military Power
                  1. Indian rebellion against growing British influence in 1857. British forces quelled this and took full control of the country
                    1. Royal Navy dominated the high seas from 1700 to 1930 providing a link to overseas colonies. Acted as a "keep-off" symbol of strength
                    2. Slavery/Raw Materials
                      1. Tea from India, sugar from Caribean, cotton from Canada
                    3. What were the implications of Britain's power for other nations outside the empire?
                      1. Trade - England and Holland began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia in 16th century
                        1. Provided competition for Indian Spice market and the East India Company was created by Britain to extract naximum profit
                        2. Conflict - England, Portugal, Holland sided against Spain and France in the war of the Spanish Succession in 1714
                          1. Britain won and gained new colonies such as Gibraltar
                        3. Why did Britain's power decline?
                          1. Effectively bankrupt after WW2. Cannot support the empire as before.
                            1. Anti-colonial movements grow (India) and some are granted independence
                              1. Focus on post-war reconstruction sees majority of colonies independent by 1970
                              2. LEGACY
                                1. It retains 14 overseas territories including the Falkland Islands
                                  1. The Commonwealth - an association of 52 former British colonies which consult and cooperate in the promotion of international understanding
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