Is the set of rules that allow us to
properly structure sentences and
phrases
Traditional grammar
The parts of speech
Nouns
Articles
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Prepositions
Pronouns
Conjunctions
It originates from the study of Latin and
Greek and it gives us the parts of
speech.
Agreement
Besides the parts of speech, we
have some characteristics to
structure sentences. For example a
verb must agree with the noun,
etc.
Number
Singular or plural noun
Person
First person, second person and third
person of singular and plural
Tense
Past, present, future
Voice
Passive/active
Gender
Natural gender
This refers to the biological gender a
person or animal is born with
(female or male)
Grammatical gender
This is based on the type of noun
which could be masculine or
feminine and it's not related to
sex.
Traditional analysis
Latin verb forms were used to
analyze English verbs
The prescriptive approach
Rules for the proper user of English
The descriptive
approach
Structural analysis
It investigates the distribution
forms in a language by using
"test-frames".
The "test-frames" are incomplete sentences
where you try different parts of speech to
see which ones fit better in that section.
Constituent analysis
This shows how small components
can get together to form a larger
one, such as a phrase or sentence
Labeled and bracketed sentences
This is a diagram that shows
the labels or breaks down the
components of a sentence
With this analyzis we can find the hierarchical organization
of the components. For example, the Subject is higher and
contains a Noun Phrase, it's also higher than the Verb Phrase
but this one is higher than the Noun Phrase it contains.
It studies the structures of a
language as it's used.