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Anatomy

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Anatomy concept map
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Anatomy
  1. Skeletal system
    1. Which function include
      1. Structural support
        1. Protection
          1. Growth center for cells
            1. Reservoir of minerals
              1. Calcium
                1. Binds onto
                  1. troponin
                    1. which is on
                      1. Actin
                      2. stops the inhibition of
                        1. Tropomyosin
                          1. allowing
                2. Movement
                3. is divided into
                  1. different types
                    1. such as
                      1. Long bones
                        1. Example
                        2. Irregular
                          1. flat bones
                            1. Short bones
                          2. Axial
                            1. Appendicular
                            2. points at which bones connect are
                              1. Joints
                                1. displacement of bone
                                  1. Dislocation
                                  2. Three types are
                                    1. Cartiligenous joints
                                      1. example
                                      2. Synovial joints
                                        1. Examples of types include
                                          1. Pivot joints
                                            1. For example, between
                                              1. Atlas
                                                2. Axis
                                                  1. part of
                                                    1. The vertebral column
                                              2. Hinge joints
                                                1. For example
                                                  1. Elbow
                                                2. Gliding
                                                  1. For example
                                                    1. Between tarpals and carpals
                                                      1. Bone involved are examples of
                                                        1. Short bones
                                                      2. Saddle
                                                        1. For example
                                                          1. Carpo-metacarpal articulation of the thumb
                                                    2. Fibrous joints
                                                3. Has a total of
                                                  1. 206 bones
                                                    1. Formed through
                                                      1. Ossification
                                                        1. has two forms
                                                          1. Compact bone
                                                            1. Begins as
                                                              1. Cartilage
                                                            2. Cancellous bone
                                                              1. Begins as
                                                                1. Fibrous membranes
                                                            3. Part of the
                                                              1. Bone remodeling cycle
                                                    2. Muscular system
                                                      1. Works with
                                                        1. The nervous system
                                                          1. Consists of
                                                            1. Central nervous system
                                                              1. Comprises of the
                                                                1. Brain
                                                                  1. Protected by the
                                                                    1. Skull
                                                                      1. Made up of
                                                                        1. Zygomatic bone
                                                                          1. Maxilla
                                                                            1. Mandible
                                                                              1. Nasal bone
                                                                                1. Temporal bone
                                                                                  1. Parietal bone
                                                                                    1. Frontal bone
                                                                                      1. Occipital bone
                                                                                  2. Spinal cord
                                                                                    1. Protected by the
                                                                                      1. The vertebral column
                                                                                          2. Made up of
                                                                                            1. Cervical vertebrae
                                                                                              1. Lumbar vertebrae
                                                                                                1. Thoracic vertebrae
                                                                                                  1. Sacrum
                                                                                                    1. Coccyx
                                                                                          3. Peripheral nervous system
                                                                                            1. Divided into
                                                                                              1. Somatic nervous system
                                                                                                1. Sends signals to the
                                                                                                  1. Skeletal muscles
                                                                                                    1. Referred to as
                                                                                                      1. Striated
                                                                                                2. Autonomic nervous system
                                                                                                  1. Regulates the
                                                                                                    1. Smooth muscles
                                                                                                      1. Surrounds
                                                                                                        1. Organs
                                                                                                      2. Cardiac muscles
                                                                                                          1. Found at the
                                                                                                            1. Heart
                                                                                                              1. Which is an
                                                                                                                1. Organ(s)
                                                                                                                  1. Protected by
                                                                                                                    1. Axial skeleton
                                                                                                3. Transmit signals through
                                                                                                  1. Neurons
                                                                                                    1. types
                                                                                                      1. Afferent neuron
                                                                                                        2. Efferent neuron
                                                                                                          1. Part of the
                                                                                                            1. Sends signals to the
                                                                                                            2. Interneuron
                                                                                                              1. Parts of the
                                                                                                                1. Reflex arc
                                                                                                                  1. also includes
                                                                                                                    1. Receptor
                                                                                                                      1. Effector
                                                                                                                2. responsible for stimulating
                                                                                                                  1. muscle fibres
                                                                                                                    1. along with
                                                                                                                      1. motor neurons
                                                                                                                        1. form
                                                                                                                          1. A motor unit
                                                                                                                              1. complies to
                                                                                                                                1. All or none principle
                                                                                                                          2. Axon
                                                                                                                            1. Point where nerves transmit signal
                                                                                                                              1. Neuromuscular junction
                                                                                                                                1. is where
                                                                                                                                  1. Acetylcholine is released
                                                                                                                                    1. signalling the muscle through
                                                                                                                                      1. Tubular membranes
                                                                                                                                        1. change takes place in
                                                                                                                                          1. Electrical properties
                                                                                                                                            1. causing rapid release of
                                                                                                                                              1. Calcium
                                                                                                                      2. Types of muscles include
                                                                                                                        1. Smooth muscles
                                                                                                                          1. Cardiac muscles
                                                                                                                            1. Skeletal muscles
                                                                                                                            2. Involves
                                                                                                                              1. Muscle contractions
                                                                                                                                1. Achieved through the mechanism known as
                                                                                                                                  1. Sliding fillament theory
                                                                                                                                      1. Responsible for
                                                                                                                                        1. Sarcomere to contract
                                                                                                                                          1. Requires
                                                                                                                                            1. ATP
                                                                                                                                              1. Calcium
                                                                                                                                                1. helps prevent
                                                                                                                                                  1. Osteoporosis
                                                                                                                                                    1. people who are likely to develop are
                                                                                                                                                      1. Old
                                                                                                                                                        1. also vulnerable to
                                                                                                                                                          1. Osteoarthritis
                                                                                                                                                            1. Caused by
                                                                                                                                                              1. pain and stiffness
                                                                                                                                                                1. develop
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Joints
                                                                                                                                                                    1. reinforced by
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Intrinsic ligaments
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Extrinsic ligaments
                                                                                                                                                                          1. are torn during
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Seperation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. caused by
                                                                                                                                                          2. Women
                                                                                                                                                          3. recommended measures
                                                                                                                                                            1. Weightlifting
                                                                                                                                                              1. happens during
                                                                                                                                                                1. Causes
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Delayed onset muscle soreness
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Causes the most
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Which can herniate
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Inter-vertebral disc
                                                                                                                                                                        1. lies between
                                                                                                                                                                          1. The vertebral column
                                                                                                                                                                            1. example
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Increased susceptability to break
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Neck of femur
                                                                                                                                                                          1. example of an
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Injury
                                                                                                                                                                              1. caused by
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Dislocation
                                                                                                                                                                                2. example include
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Rotator cuff tears
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. involving
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Supraspinatus
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. insert on
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Greater tubercle
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. on the
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Humerus
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Example of
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. all originate on landmarks of the
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Infraspinatus
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Teres minor
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Subscapularis
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. insert on
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Lesser tubercle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. on the
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Fractures
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Types are
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Stress fractures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. simple fractures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Compound fractures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Inversion sprains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Damages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Anterior talofibular ligament
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Calcaneofibular ligament
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Can be reduced by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Proper warm up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Proper form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. caused by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Excessive use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Muscle strains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Muscle tears
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tendonitis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Diagnosed by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Swelling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Altered
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Redness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Rest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Ice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Compression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Elevation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. released by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Example is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Flexion of elbow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Function of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Biceps brachii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. is the antagonist muscle of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Triceps brachii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. extend the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Elbow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Extension of elbow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Function of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Triceps brachii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. happens during
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. During muscle lengthening is known as
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Eccentric contraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. causes the most
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Involving
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Actin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3. muscles are named by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. flexion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. flexor carpi ulnaris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. extension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. extensor carpi ulnaris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Direction of fibres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. along the transverse plane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Transversus abdominus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Location of muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Anterior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tibialis anterior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Posterior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Tibialis posterior
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Number of division/heads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Two heads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biceps femoris
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Shape of muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Triangle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Deltoid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Rhombus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rhomboid major
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Rhomboid minor
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. muscles point of attachments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sternum, clavicle, mastoid process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. muscle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sternocleidomastoid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Standard position is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. The anatomical position
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Is when
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Body is upright
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Also known as when
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Spine is extended
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Which is the function of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. The erector spinae group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Which consists of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Spinalis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Longissimus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. also inserts on
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. The mastoid process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. on the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Skull
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. all of which are part of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Consisting of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. flat bones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. fibrous joints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Iliocostalis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Which originate and insert on
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. The vertebral column
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. part of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Axial skeleton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. is an example of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Irregular bones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. also originates on
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Sacrum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. part of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Ribs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. part of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. is the antagonist muscle of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Rectus abdominis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. responsible for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Trunk flexion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Originates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Pubic crest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Symphasis pubis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3. Inserts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Xiphoid process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Which is part of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sternum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Inferior ribs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4. Arm is suppinated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Which is the function of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Which originates on
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Corocoid process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Supraglenoid tubercle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Which are landmarks of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Scapula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Which is an example of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Irregular bones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. part of the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Appendicular skeleton
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Another function is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Flexion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Elbow

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