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B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs
Descripción
GCSE Biology Mapa Mental sobre B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs, creado por ELeanor Turner el 08/05/2016.
Sin etiquetas
aqa
gcse
science
additional science
gcse additional science
drugs
unit 1
b1
b1.3
biology
biology unit 1
triple science
biology
gcse
Mapa Mental por
ELeanor Turner
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
ELeanor Turner
hace más de 8 años
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Resumen del Recurso
B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs
Drugs
Extensively tested and trialled
Tested in the lab
1st stage: cells, tissues
2nd stage: live animals
Clinical trials
3rd stage: healthy volunteers
Low dosage at start
Slowly increased
Test for side effects
4th stage: patients with the illness
Optimum dosage found
Least side effects
5th stage: blind clinical trials- patients split into two groups
One group given the real drug, another given a placebo
Allows for placebo effect
Patient expects drug to work so feels better, even if the 'drug' is doing nothing
Placebo
Substance like the drug being tested but doesn't do anything
Sometimes trials are double blind
Patient nor doctor knows which is the placebo
For toxicity, efficacy and dose
Thalidomide
Intended as a sleeping pill
Found effective against morning sickness
Has not been tested on pregnant women
Many babies born with severe limb abnormalities
Drug banned
Resulted in more rigorous drug testing
Now used to treat other diseases
Leprosy
Legal and illegal drugs
Medicinal
Some require prescription
Morphine
Some do not
Paracetamol
Statins
Lower risk of heart and circulatory diseases
Also lower blood cholesterol
And risk of heart disease in diabetic patients
Recreational
Used for fun
Legal
Alcohol
Slows reactions
Liver disease
Brain damage
Nicotine
Cancer
Addiction
Disease of heart and lungs
Illegal
Ecstasy
Cannabis
Can cause mental health problems
Considered a gateway drug
Heroin
All three can cause heart and circulatory problems
Addictive
Performance enhancing
Improve an athlete's performance in sport
Anabolic steroids
Increase muscle size
Can lead to high blood pressure
Stimulants
Increase heart rate
Arguments against
Unfair
Athletes may not have been informed about the risks
Arguments for
Athletes can make their own decisions
Sport is not fair anyway, different training facilities etc
Some illegal, some prescribed
All banned from sporting bodies
The overall impact of legal drugs is
Much greater than the impact of illegal drugs
More people use them
Have negative effects on economy and society
Effects of drugs
Change body chemistry
Results in
Becoming addicted
If addicts do not take the drug they have
Withdrawal symptoms
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