Psychodynamic Approach

Nota:

• id = pleasure principle  ego = reality principle  superego = morality principle

Nota:

• to avoid psychological pain of truth 

1. stages of development are across the whole lifespan

   Nota:

   • stage 1 (0-1)  basic trust vs mistrust  trust vs suspicious (insecurity)
   • stage 2 (1-3)  autonomy vs shame an doubt  self esteem vs shame
   • stage 3 (3-6) initiative vs guilt  initiate activities vs fear of punishment (guilt about feelings)
   • stage 4 (7-12)  industry vs inferiority  sense of achievement and confidence vs feeling inadequate or inferior 
   • stage 5 (12-18)  identity vs role confusion  strong person identity vs confusion 
   • stage 6 (20s) intimacy vs isolation ability to experience love vs isolation
   • stage 7 (20s-60s) generativity vs stagnation  wider outlook vs lack of growth boredom and self involvement 
   • stage 8 (60+) integrity vs despair  sense of satisfaction acceptance of death vs regret (fear of death)

1. Oedipus complex - boy likes the mother but fears castration from the father so identifies with him in order to resolve conflict resulting in gender role development

1. early relationships are important - Bowlby; infant who doesn't form a secure attachment will have problems in later life (inability to form close relationships or delinquency)

   Nota:

   • Erikson's stage 1 trust vs mistrust also links

1. unresolved conflict from oedipus complex leads to weak deviant or harsh superego

1. behaviour caused by unconscious drives

1. nurture is secondary - acknowledges the influence of different experiences during psychosexual stages

1. reductionist - reduces all behaviour down to unconscious motives

1. nomothetic - generalises principles to all