The study the structure and system of a language, or of languages in general, considering syntax and morphology
Greek and Latin: Those languages are the root of other grammar since they were the way of
communicating and sharing knowledge.
The Prescriptive Approach: Grammarians dictate the rules of how to write
english correctlybased on the Traditional Analysis of makin an analogy
between languages.
The Descriptive Approach: How it is, indeed, Language
used by the speakers
Structural Analysis: this studies how the parts of speech are put in
the sentence and if they make sense, so the Test Frame (examination
of a part of speech in the sentence to see if it fits correctly) must be
done.
Yves has twelve ________ at home.
In the blank of this sentence, it
could correctly fit the word "cats"
because it is a noun in plural but it
would not fit the adjective "stately"
because it makes no sense
Constituent Analysis: here every part of speech is taken in group which is
called "phrases" So we get: Noun Phrases, Prepositional Phrases, Verb
Phrases.
A Sentence = Noun Phrase + Verb phrase
Parts of Speech: the blocks that form the language only if they follow
the correct grammatical structure
Nouns
Words that name things such as objects, ideas, places
etc
Artcles
words that help classifying the Nouns
Adjectives
they describe, modify or judge nouns.
Verbs
indicate Action in the sentence
Adverbs
they modify adjectives, verbs; indicating how the action was done
Prepositions
show the relationship (time and place) between nouns or pronouns to another word.
Pronouns
Words that refer to people or place already said / they can substitute
nous
Conjunctions
they link other words ( and, because ...)
Agreement: The harmony in
the sentence with Number ,
Person, Tense , Voice & Gender
Grammatical Gender: Indicates the kind noun if it is
Masculine or Neuter or feminine. ( when it comes to Natural
gender : male or female which are based on the sex)