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Anthropology Theories
- Materialism (early 20th century)
- Historical Materialism (Karl Marx)
- Theory based on
production-->
relationships
developed through
production
- believed that capitalism= periodic
crisis
- believed that capitalism= periodic
crisis
- Socalism = "Historical inevitabilit"
- Theory based on
production-->
relationships
developed through
production
- Friedrich Engels. German
philopsher, social scientist
who founded the Marxist
theory
- Believed in Historical Materialism
- Both stressed that
their theory was
materialist. They
thought that our
ideas are determined
by the material world
and not vise versa
- Believed in Historical Materialism
- Historical Materialism (Karl Marx)
- Nintheenth Century Evolutionism
- Cultural Evolution
- Theory developed during the
19th century Europe in order to
expalin the diversity amongst
humans
- Theory developed during the
19th century Europe in order to
expalin the diversity amongst
humans
- Edward B. Taylor
- Believed that
"alienated
people" were
capable of
progressing and
developing
- Dividied human
evolution: savegery,
barbarism, civilization
- Dividied human
evolution: savegery,
barbarism, civilization
- Believed that
"alienated
people" were
capable of
progressing and
developing
- Lewis Henry Morgan
- Ancient Society
- Further divided
human evolution:
savagery, barbarism
- Montesquieu
- French lawyer/political
philopsher--> lived during
the Enlighment
- French lawyer/political
philopsher--> lived during
the Enlighment
- Montesquieu
- Further divided
human evolution:
savagery, barbarism
- Ancient Society
- Cultural Evolution
- Functionalism
- Functionalists--> seek to
describe the relationships of
orgainc analogy with parts of
a society
- Bronislaw Malinowski. A
Polish anthropologist
- Influential throughout
1920's and 1930's
- Influential throughout
1920's and 1930's
- Alfred Radcliffe Brown.
An English Anthroplogist.
Developed the theory of
functionalism
- Inspired by Augustus Comte, a
French philosopher.
- Concluded that "social constituted a
seperate level of reality distinct from those
of biological forms and inorganic matter"
- Concluded that "social constituted a
seperate level of reality distinct from those
of biological forms and inorganic matter"
- Inspired by Augustus Comte, a
French philosopher.
- Pseudo
- Term is used when
anthroplogists without
sufficient evidence and
imagination on a subject
- Term is used when
anthroplogists without
sufficient evidence and
imagination on a subject
- Bronislaw Malinowski. A
Polish anthropologist
- Malinowski's
Biocultural
functionalism
- "Argued that uniform psychological responses are
correlates of physiological needs"
- "Argued that uniform psychological responses are
correlates of physiological needs"
- Structural
Functionalism
by Radcliffe
- Focused on social strucure. Suggested
that society is "a system of
relationships maintaining itself"
- Focused on social strucure. Suggested
that society is "a system of
relationships maintaining itself"
- Functionalists--> seek to
describe the relationships of
orgainc analogy with parts of
a society
- Structural Lingistices Noam
- Is the view that all
cultures and practises
are to be viewed and
are worthy of their
own right.One of the
early institutions of
technology. Franz Boaz
developed the idea,
however his two
students further
analyzed it
- Margaret Mead
- Published "Coming Of
Age in Samos"
- Presented the public, the
developedment of a person
through cultural expectations
and demand
- Always thought in terms of
"interconnections" while living
with different cultures
- Always thought in terms of
"interconnections" while living
with different cultures
- Presented the public, the
developedment of a person
through cultural expectations
and demand
- Published "Coming Of
Age in Samos"
- Ruth Benedict
- Thought that
cultural diffusion
affects civilaized
socities
- Published "Patterns Of Culture". She
compares and contrasts the cultural
patterns of two Indian and American
groups and notice the expalined the drastic differences
- Published "Patterns Of Culture". She
compares and contrasts the cultural
patterns of two Indian and American
groups and notice the expalined the drastic differences
- Thought that
cultural diffusion
affects civilaized
socities
- Margaret Mead
- Cultural relativism
- Is the view that all
cultures and practises
are to be viewed and
are worthy of their
own right.One of the
early institutions of
technology. Franz Boaz
developed the idea,
however his two
students further
analyzed it
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