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6137232
BIOMEMBRANES
Descripción
biomembranas
Sin etiquetas
trabajo de ivan
dani
casiterminado
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Resumen del Recurso
BIOMEMBRANES
CYTOSKELETON
Microfilaments
8–9 nm in diameter
made of monomeric actin subunits
Membrane–microfilament binding proteins tack the actin cytoskeleton framework to
membrane
Intermediate filaments
10-nm-diameter
made of lamin subunits and other tissue- specific proteins
adapter proteins attach them to
desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
Microtubules
24 nm in diameter
they are hollow tubelike structures
made of alpha and beta tubulin subunits
radiate out
single microtubule-organizing center
funcitions in animal and plan cells
contributes to cell movement
cell polarity
It organizes the contents of the cell
Support for nuclear membrane
functions in bacteria
controls cell length, width,andthe site of cell division
ORGANELLES OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
TWO BILAYER MEMBRANES
THE NUCLEUS
Houses the genome of the cell
numerous nuclear pores: materials pass between the nucleus and the cytosol
MITOCHONDRIA
has highly permeable outer membrane protein-enriched inner membrane
ATP synthesis : Enzymes in the inner mitochondrial membrane and central matrix
CHLOROPLASTS
thylakoid membranes in their interiors: contain the pigments and enzymes that absorb light— ATP syntesis
A SINGLE MEMBRANE
The Golgi Complex
processes and sorts secreted and membrane Proteins -it has three regions: the cis, the medial, and the trans.
Plant Vacuoles
Store Small water, ions, and nutrients -contain degradative enzymes and -has an acidic pH
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesizes
membrane and organelle proteins
all proteins to be secreted from the cell
ENDOSOMES
Take up plasma-membrane proteins and soluble materials from the extracellular medium and recycles or degrades them.
LYSOSOMES
Contain hydrolases - degrade unneeded cellular components and some ingested materials
Peroxisomes
Contain enzymes that oxidize various organic compounds without the production of ATP
The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
synthesizes fatty acids and phospholipids
detoxifies of hydrophobic chemical
Purification of cells and their parts:
Studies on cell structure require particular type or subcellular organelle from a cell
Tissues contain mixture of cell types
Cells filled with different organelles
Techniques for separating different cell types and organelles
Flow Cytometry
Separates Different Cell Types
Can identify different cells on the basis of the light
These can be by
Scatter
Fluorescence that they emit
Fluorescence-activates cell sorter (FACTS)
Separating different types of cells
Disruption of Cells
Releases Their Organelles and Other Contents by
Vigorous homogenization
Other techniques
Sonication
Swelling of cells
Hypotonic solution
Weakens the plasma membrane
Easier rupture
Centrifugation
Yields fractions
Of: partly purified organelles
Differ in
mass
density
Can Separate Many Types of Organelles
proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Selectively solubilized
Purified with nonionic detergents
Organelle Specific Antibodies
Using antibodies against organelle specific membrane proteins
Useful in preparing
Highly Purified Organelles
Vesicles of similar
sizes
densities
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