Unit 2: Tissues

Unit 2: Tissues

Epithelial Tissue
1. Squamus tissue
  1. Thin, flat cells
  2. Simple Squamous Epithelium
    1. Single layer of very thin Squamous Cells
    2. Used for diffusion, secretion, and filtration
      1. In the lungs, glands, and kidneys
  3. Stratified squamous Epithelium
    1. Multiple layers of epithelial cells with Squamous being the first, may be keratinized
    2. used for protection
      1. In the epidermis, mouth, tongue, and vagina
2. Cuboidal tissue
  1. Simple Cuboidal Tissue
    1. Single Layer of Cuboidal Cells
    2. Used for secretion and absorbtion
      1. In the small glands, kidney tubules, and ovary surface
  2. Stratified Cuboidal Tissue
    1. Multiple layers of epithelial cells with cuboidal being the first
    2. Used for Protection
      1. In the sweat, mammary, and salivary glands
  3. Cube Shaped Cells
3. Columlar tissue
  1. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
    1. Multiple layers of epithelial cells with columnar being the first, very rare
    2. Used for protection and secretion
      1. In the urethra, ducts, and conjunctiva
  2. Simple Columnar Epithelium
    1. Single layer of columnar cells
    2. Used for absorption and secretion
      1. non ciliated are found in the digestive tract and duct linings, ciliated is found in the small bronchi and uterine tubes
  3. Elongated Cells with an oval nucleus, may be ciliated
4. Simple pseudostratified
  1. Single Layer of cells which are attached to the basement membrane, cells and nuclei are at different heights, may be ciliated
  2. Used for secretion and movement of mucus
    1. Ciliated are found in the bronchi
5. Stratified Transitional tissue
  1. Several layers of cells that can be stretched
  2. allows for distention of the urinary organs
    1. In the bladder, ureters, and urethra
6. Used for protection, secretion, absorbtion, excretion
  1. In Skin, Glands, Lungs, and filtration
7. Lacks blood vessels, cells readily divide and are closely packed together
Muscle Tissue
1. contracts, moving structures attached to it,
2. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
  1. Long, threadlike cells with striations and many nuclei
    1. Voluntary, contract when stimulated by a nerve cell
      1. Most of the body's muscle
3. Smooth Muscle Tissue
  1. Spindle shaped cells with no striations and a single nucleus.
    1. involuntary control, nervous stimulation
      1. found in hollow internal organs, stomach, intestines, bladder, and blood vessels
4. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  1. Striated, branched cells which are joined end to end and a single nucelus
    1. involuntary control, may function without nervous stimulation
      1. pumps blood through the heart and blood vesseles
    2. Contains a specialized intercalated disk as a cellular junction
Nervous Tissue
1. Neurons
  1. Sense types of changes in their surroudings
    1. Dendrites receive information and Axon sends to the next neuron or gland
  2. Coordinate, regulate, and integrate body functions
2. Neuroglia
  1. Neural support Cells
    1. Biind and support, carry out phagocytosis, connect neurons to blood vessels, and are involved in cell to cell communication
Connective Tissue
1. Connective tissue Cell Types
  1. Mast Cells
    1. Produce Collagen and elastic Fibers
  2. Macrophages
    1. Phagocytes or "eating cells"
  3. Fibroblasts
    1. may release heparin and histamine
2. Connective Tissue Fiibers
  1. Collagen Fibers
    1. Have great tensile strength
  2. Elastic FIbers
    1. composed of elastin and are streachy
  3. Reticular Fibers
    1. fine collagen fibers
3. Categories of Connective tissue
  1. Loose Connective Tissue
    1. Areolar
      1. thin membranes between organs
        Beneath skin and around organs
    2. Adipose
      1. stores fat, cushions, and insolates
        beneath skin, abdominal membranes, around organs and joints
    3. Reticulara
      1. Thin Branched Reticular Fibers
        supports wall of liver and spleen
  2. Dense Connective Tissue
    1. Dense regular
      1. Strong collagen fibers that bind structures as parts of tendons and ligaments
    2. Dense Irregular
      1. Thicker, randomly distributed collagen fibers that are found in the dermis
    3. Elastic
      1. Elastic fibers that make up hollow internal organs like the lungs and blood vessels
  3. Specialized Connective Tissue
    1. Cartilage
      1. Provides support, made of fibers and a gel like substance
        lacks a blood supply, slow to heal
        Found at the ends of various bones, in the ear, larynx, and padding between bones
    2. Bone
      1. Matrix of mineral salts and collagen
        Compact and spongy bones, heals rapidly
    3. Blood
      1. Cells Suspended in fluid
        Produced in the hollow parts of some bones

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