Biology B25-26

Cloning
1. Tissue culture
  1. Makes new plants by asexual reproduction
  2. Small groups of cells
    1. Put into a special liquid/jelly
      1. must be clean
        No bacteria/moulds
      2. Must have chemicals to promote the development of the cells
2. Embryo transplants
  1. used to produce cattle with desirable characteristics
  2. Eggs taken from prize females and fertilised with one of a selected Bull's sperm
    1. Each embryo develops into an 8-cell embryo (in a dish)
      1. Each 8-cell embryo is split into 4 2-cell embryos
        They develop into 8-cells
        Each is put into the womb/uterus of a less-valuable cow
        The surrogate mothers allow the embryos to develop inside them
        The calves are born and are genetically identical to each other
3. Adult cell cloning
  1. an unfertilised egg is taken from a Scottish Blackface Ewe
    1. Its nucleus is destroyed
      1. A cell is taken from the mammary gland of a Finn Dorset Ewe
        Its nucleus is implanted into the empty egg cell
        An electric shock is given to the egg cell to make it divide
        It develops into an embryo
        It is implanted into a host mothers uterus
Genetic engineering
1. Changing an organism's genes
  1. Selective breeding
  2. Enzymes
2. Making Insulin
  1. Can be easily grown in large amounts
  2. Made by genetic engineering
  3. An enzyme is used to cut the insulin gene out of the chromosome
    1. plasmids are then removed from bacterial cells.
    2. The bacteria's plasmid is then cut to allow the insulin gene to fit into the space
      1. he insulin gene is inserted into the plasmid
        the plasmid is returned to the bacterium
        The reproduction of bacteria and the plasmid makes insulin
3. embryos
  1. the human gene of protein is cut out of the human chromosome
    1. several copies of the gene are obtained
      1. they are put into fertilised eggs
        The fertilised eggs develop in a glass dish
        One cell is taken from each ball of cells to find the ones of the desired sex (if applicable)
        They are implanted into a host mothers womb and are left to develop and be born
  2. Advantages
    1. Organism is not harmed
    2. Organism is kept in good conditions
    3. Organism is valuable and will therefore not be killed for food/meat
    4. A lot of protein can be made to treat people who are ill

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Biology B25-26

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	Creado por Molly Munyard hace más de 10 años