Cell Structure and Organisation

Types of Cells
1. Animal
  1. Nucleus
    Nota:
    - Controls cellular activities and consists of chromatin which is made from DNA
    1. cellular activites
    2. Chromathin
      1. DNA
  2. mitochondria
    1. Aerobic Respiration
  3. Small vacuoles
    1. Temporary
    2. Water
    3. Food substances
  4. Ribosomes
    1. Synthesize proteins
2. Plant
  1. Cell membrane
    Nota:
    - Partially permeable membrane
    1. Partially permeable membrane
  2. Cellulose cell wall
    Nota:
    - Fully permeable and protects cell from injury and gives the cell its shape
    1. Fully permeable membrane
    2. Protects cell
    3. Cell shape
  3. Chlorophlast
    Nota:
    - Contain chlorophyll and are sites of photosynthesis, which is the process in which the plant produces food
    1. Food
  4. Large central vacuole
    Nota:
    - Filled with cell sap and is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast
    1. Cell sap
      1. Water
      2. Amino acids
      3. mineral salts
  5. Cytoplasm
    1. Organelles
Adaptions
1. Red blood cells
  1. Haemoglobin
    1. Oxygen-carrying protein
  2. Absent nucleus
    1. Flattened bi-convave shape
      1. Higher surface area to volume
        Faster diffution
      2. More flexible
2. Xylem Vessels
  1. Xylem cells
  2. Absence of protoplasm and cross-walls
    1. Water not impeded
  3. Deposition of lignin
    1. Strengthens vessel walls
Organization of a multicellular organism
1. Cell
  1. Most basic unit of a living organism
2. Tissue
  1. Group of cells with same function found near to each other
3. Organ
  1. Different tissues working together for a specific function or a group of functions
4. Organ system
  1. Group of functionally related organs
5. Multicellular Organisum
  1. Many organ systems working together

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Cell Structure and Organisation

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