Thermodynamics

Descripción

Graduação Thermodynamics & Stat. Physics Mapa Mental sobre Thermodynamics, creado por eg612 el 01/04/2014.
eg612
Mapa Mental por eg612, actualizado hace más de 1 año
eg612
Creado por eg612 hace más de 10 años
91
0

Resumen del Recurso

Thermodynamics
  1. Reversibility

    Nota:

    • No dissipation Quasi-static process (i.e. only equilibrium states)
    1. Reversible Work

      Nota:

      • Need infinitely many processes, each resulting in an infinitesimally small work.
      1. Reversible heat

        Nota:

        • Need infinitely many reservoirs at infinitesimally different temperature.
      2. Engines

        Nota:

        • Convert heat into work
        1. Cycles: all state variables restored
          1. Brayton Cycle (Jet engine)
          2. Two reservoir engines

            Nota:

            • Theoretical concepts with a hot and a cold reservoir.
            1. Refrigerator: heat engine run in reverse

              Nota:

              • Heat Q_C comes in from cold reservoir. Work is done on the system. Heat Q_H flows out to hot reservoir.
              1. Heat pump: refrigerator used to heat up (same principle as refrigerator)
                1. Coefficient of performance: w_P = Q_H/W_F
                2. Coefficient of performance: w_F = Q_C/W_F
                3. Heat engines
                  1. Efficiency: eta = W_E/Q_in = 1 - Q_out/Q_in
                  2. Remember: all efficiency coefficients take form: (what you take out)/(what you put in)
                4. 2nd Law

                  Nota:

                  • Kelvin, Clausius and Mathematical statements.
                  1. Thermodynamic trick for irreversible processes

                    Nota:

                    • Choose reversible process between same state variables and calculate change in entropy along that.
                    1. e.g. Isothermal reversible expansion VS Adiabatic free expansion
                    2. Carnot cycle
                      1. Carnot's Theorem
                        1. Part 1: no machine can be more efficient than Carnot's machine
                          1. Part 2: every Carnot engine operating bw same T's has the same efficiency eta = 1 - T_C/T_H
                            1. Can define absolute thermodynamic temperature
                        2. Entropy
                          1. Can use heat flow in the reservoir for thermodynamic trick
                            1. Entropy of the unverse
                              1. Increases in irreversible processes
                                1. Energy is degraded in irreversible processes
                                  1. Entropy defines the arrow of time
                                    1. Equilibrium is a state of maximum entropy
                                      1. Exergy/Availability always decreases
                                    2. Stays constant in reversible processes
                                  2. Classical thermodynamics
                                    1. Operational definitions of observables
                                      1. Clausius' Inequality
                                        1. Fundamental equation of Thermodynamics: dU = TdS - PdV
                                          1. Thermodynamic potentials

                                            Nota:

                                            • Use fund. equation to sub U
                                            1. Enthalpy: H = U + PV

                                              Nota:

                                              • Can be interpreted as "heat content" of system in  CONSTANT P, REVERSIBLE process.
                                              1. Joule -Thomson process: Isoenthalpic
                                                1. dH > 0: endothermic dH < 0 exothermic
                                                2. Helmoltz Free Energy: F = U - TS
                                                  1. -dF = maximum work that can be extracted in isothermal process
                                                    1. Useful for link to Statistical Physics
                                                    2. Gibbs function: G = U + PV - TS
                                                      1. Useful specific Gibbs function: divide by mass M = N*m_p
                                                      2. Maxwell's relations
                                                        1. Energy equation: apoply when PV is proportional to T as in ideal gases
                                                      3. Applications
                                                        1. Phase changes
                                                          1. Clausius-Clapeyron equation
                                                            1. Order of phase transition given by first discontinuous derivative of g w.r. to T or P
                                                            2. Photon gas
                                                              1. Surface tension
                                                              2. 3rd Law: S=0 at T=0 => Impossible to reach T=0 in finite number of steps
                                                                Mostrar resumen completo Ocultar resumen completo

                                                                Similar

                                                                MCAT Physics: Thermodynamics
                                                                Mike Nervo
                                                                Unit 5 Chemistry - Thermodynamics Definitions
                                                                Wannie Chisala
                                                                Thermodynamics
                                                                kaitlinek91
                                                                Physics 20 Final Exam Review Quiz
                                                                mackenziedurocher
                                                                Energy
                                                                Vee Kirkland
                                                                Biochemistry 1
                                                                ezozova
                                                                Fall Biology 3
                                                                Kate Kerr
                                                                Molc Bio Exam 1 Flashcards
                                                                lsmith181
                                                                Statistical Physics
                                                                eg612
                                                                Year 11 - Heating processes
                                                                Fiona Heathcote
                                                                Enthalpies of Solution
                                                                Lucy Nove