Molc Bio Exam 1 Flashcards

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Bachelors Molecular Cell Biology (Exam 1) Flashcards on Molc Bio Exam 1 Flashcards, created by lsmith181 on 20/01/2016.
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Flashcards by lsmith181, updated more than 1 year ago
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Question Answer
How many pairs of shared electrons form a single covalent bond? One
How many pairs of shared electrons form a double covalent bond? Two
What type of covalent bond holds water molecules together? Polar
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together? Hydrogen bonds
What type of bond is NaCl? Ionic
What is a hydrogen bond? Name an example. A hydrogen bond is an interaction between polar groups due to unequal charges across the molecule. Examples: between water molecules; bases in DNA or RNA strand.
What is a Van der Waals interaction? Name an example. A brief fluctuation in charges across a membrane. Example: seen in all molecules Between two oxygen molecules
What is a peptide bond? Give an example. It is a covalent bond. It bonds amino acids together to form proteins.
What are the three types of carbohydrates? Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
What does the first law of thermodynamics state? Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Does the entropy increase or decrease? A glass of milk falling into a fish tank causing the water to become milky white. Increases
Does the entropy increase or decrease? A fire burns in the fireplace turning the log into a pile of ash. Increases
Does the entropy increase or decrease? A fertilized egg divides into a thousand cells to form an embryo. decreases
Does the entropy increase or decrease? A protein is assembled from individual amino acids by a ribosome. decreases
What is Gibbs Free Energy? It is the energy available to do useful work.
What is the Gibbs Free Energy equation?
What happens to ΔG when ΔH rises? ΔG value increases
What happens to ΔG when S gets smaller? ΔG value increases
For a non spontaneous rxn that demonstrates a positive change in both entropy and enthalpy, what can easily be done in a laboratory to make the rxn spontaneous? Increase the temperature of the rxn
Describe equilibrium. Equilibrium is the point where the rate of the forward rxn is exactly the same as the rate of the reverse rxn.
What is the name of the energy-carrying intermediary that cells use to obtain the energy from food molecules? ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
What is activation energy? It is the amount of energy needed to get the reactants to the transition state.
In chemical reactions, what is the transition state? It is the point at which bonds in the reactant are broken to form new bonds, also known as the product.
What is a catalyst? It is any substance that lowers the activation energy of a reaction, thus speeding up the reaction.
What is an enzyme? Any molecule, usually a protein, that can catalyze a chemical reaction.
What are substrates? They are the reactants on which an enzyme acts.
What are active sites on an enzyme? They are the sites on the enzyme where substrates bind and react.
What is the lock-and-key model? A model where the enzyme is a rigid lock and the substrates are the keys that fit into the lock.
What is the induced fit model? A model where the enzyme changes shape when the substrate binds to the active site.
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