70624
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Mapa Mental por orlaghemmett, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Childhood - Sociologists see
childhood as socially constructed -
created and defined by society.
- Modern Western Notion of Childhood
- There's a belief that children's lack of skills, knowledge and experience means that
they need a lengthy protected period of nurturing and socialisation before they're ready
for adulthood
- Pilcher- the most important feature of the modern idea of childhood is separateness,
- Childhood is seen as a clear and distinct life
stage and children in our society occupy a
separate status from adults
- Childhood is seen as a clear and distinct life
stage and children in our society occupy a
separate status from adults
- There's a belief that children's lack of skills, knowledge and experience means that
they need a lengthy protected period of nurturing and socialisation before they're ready
for adulthood
- Cross Cultural Differences in Childhood
- Benedict - argues that children are generally treated
differently from their modern western counterparts
in three ways:
- They take responsibility at an early age
- Less value is placed on children showing
obedience to adult authority
- Children's sexual behaviour is often viewed differently
- They take responsibility at an early age
- Benedict - argues that children are generally treated
differently from their modern western counterparts
in three ways:
- Historical Differences in Childhood
- Aries argues that in the Midle- Ages, the idea of childhood didn't exist.- Children were not seen
as having different 'nature' or needs from adults
- Aries says that childhood gradually began to emerge from the 13th century onwards
- Schools came to specialise purely in the education of the young
- There was a growing distinction between children's and adults clothing
- By the 18th century, handbooks on childbearing were widely available
- Aries describes the 20th century as the 'century of the child' - some sociologists
have criticised Aries for arguing that childhood didn't exist in the past
- Pollock argues that it's more correct to say that in the Middle Ages, society had a different notion
of childhood from today's.
- Pollock argues that it's more correct to say that in the Middle Ages, society had a different notion
of childhood from today's.
- Schools came to specialise purely in the education of the young
- Aries says that childhood gradually began to emerge from the 13th century onwards
- Aries argues that in the Midle- Ages, the idea of childhood didn't exist.- Children were not seen
as having different 'nature' or needs from adults
- Reasons for Changes in the Position of Children
- Laws restricting child labour and excluding
children from paid work - children became an
economic liability (depends on parents)
- Compulsory schooling in 1880 had a similar
effect, especially for the children of the poorer
class
- Child protection and welfare legislation
- Declining family size and lower infant mortality rates
- Laws restricting child labour and excluding
children from paid work - children became an
economic liability (depends on parents)
- Has the Position of Children Improved?
- Important differences between childhood in western societies today as compared with both present day, Third
world countries and european societies in the past.
- Important differences between childhood in western societies today as compared with both present day, Third
world countries and european societies in the past.
- March of Progress View
- Argue that over the past few centuries, the position of
children in western societies has been steadily
improving and today's better than it has ever been
- Aries and Shorter hold a 'March of Progress' view and argue that today's children
are more valued, better cared for, protected and educated, enjoy better health and
have more rights than previous generations
- Argue that over the past few centuries, the position of
children in western societies has been steadily
improving and today's better than it has ever been
- Conflict View
- (Marxists and feminists) argue that society is based on a conflict between different
social groups e.g. social classes or genders
- Argue that March of Progress view of modern childhood is based on a false and idealised image
that ignores important inequalities
- Inequalities among children - opportunities and risks
they face
- Inequalities between children and adults - children experience greater
control over adults
- Inequalities among children - opportunities and risks
they face
- (Marxists and feminists) argue that society is based on a conflict between different
social groups e.g. social classes or genders
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