7079831
Descripción
Mapa Mental por Marina Schultz, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Marina Schultz
hace alrededor de 8 años
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Biogeochemical cycles
- Carbon Cycle
- Carbon Source
- Definition: Anything
that releases more
carbon than it
absorbs
- Releases carbon
through combustion
- Combustion is the process
by which a liquid or
gaseous fuel is oxidized
(burned), creating carbon
dioxide (in the case of
hydrocarbons), water, other
chemicals, and heat.
Combustion of fossil fuels is
currently the chief source
of energy for humanity.
- fossil fuel- a natural fuel such as
coal or gas, formed in the
geological past from the remains
of living organisms
- carbon dioxide-
a colorless,
odorless,
incombustible
gas, CO 2,
present in the
atmosphere and
formed during
respiration,
usually obtained
from coal, coke,
or natural gas
by combustion,
from
carbohydrates
by fermentation,
by reaction of
acid with
limestone or
other
carbonates, or
naturally from
springs: used
extensively in
industry as dry
ice, or carbon
dioxide snow, in
carbonated
beverages, fire
extinguishers,
etc
- carbon dioxide-
a colorless,
odorless,
incombustible
gas, CO 2,
present in the
atmosphere and
formed during
respiration,
usually obtained
from coal, coke,
or natural gas
by combustion,
from
carbohydrates
by fermentation,
by reaction of
acid with
limestone or
other
carbonates, or
naturally from
springs: used
extensively in
industry as dry
ice, or carbon
dioxide snow, in
carbonated
beverages, fire
extinguishers,
etc
- fossil fuel- a natural fuel such as
coal or gas, formed in the
geological past from the remains
of living organisms
- Combustion is the process
by which a liquid or
gaseous fuel is oxidized
(burned), creating carbon
dioxide (in the case of
hydrocarbons), water, other
chemicals, and heat.
Combustion of fossil fuels is
currently the chief source
of energy for humanity.
- Releases carbon with
respiration
- Cellular respiration releases
carbon dioxide, which is used in
photosynthesis. Photosynthesis
in turn releases oxygen used in
respiration. Animals and other
heterotrophs depend on green
organisms for organic food,
energy, and oxygen. In the carbon
cycle, organisms exchange carbon
dioxide with the atmosphere.
- helps form oxygen
and glucose
- O2+C6H12O6
- H2O
- Light Dependent
Reactions
- Oxygen
- ATP
- energy mover
- energy mover
- Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis. The
first major set of processes in photosynthesis, in
which light energy is initially converted into
chemical energy as ATP and NADPH, takes place
across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes,
between the chloroplast stroma and the thylakoid
space.
- Oxygen
- CO2
- Light Independent
reactions (Calvin
Cycle)
- Glucose
- Photosynthesis, process by which green plants and certain other
organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water
into the simple sugar glucose. In so doing, photosynthesis provides the
basic energy source for virtually all organisms. An extremely important
byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen, on which most organisms depend
- Photosynthesis, process by which green plants and certain other
organisms use the energy of light to convert carbon dioxide and water
into the simple sugar glucose. In so doing, photosynthesis provides the
basic energy source for virtually all organisms. An extremely important
byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen, on which most organisms depend
- The Calvin cycle is the set of chemical reactions
that take place in chloroplasts during
photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent
because it takes place after the energy has
been captured from sunlight.
- Chloroplast- a plastid that contains chlorophyll
and in which photosynthesis takes place
- Photosnthesis- the process by which green
plants and some other organisms use sunlight
to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and
water. Photosynthesis in plants generally
involves the green pigment chlorophyll and
generates oxygen as a byproduct
- The light-independent reactions of
photosynthesis are chemical reactions that
convert carbon dioxide and other compounds
into glucose. These reactions occur in the
stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast
outside of the thylakoid membranes.
- thylakoid- each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast,
bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light
reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in
stacks or grana
- grana- the stacks of thylakoid
- grana- the stacks of thylakoid
- thylakoid- each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast,
bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light
reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in
stacks or grana
- Chloroplast- a plastid that contains chlorophyll
and in which photosynthesis takes place
- Glucose
- Light Independent
reactions (Calvin
Cycle)
- H Carrier
- A hydrogen carrier is an organic
macromolecule that transports
atoms of hydrogen from one place
to another inside a cell or from cell
to cell for use in various metabolical
processes
- A hydrogen carrier is an organic
macromolecule that transports
atoms of hydrogen from one place
to another inside a cell or from cell
to cell for use in various metabolical
processes
- Light Dependent
Reactions
- CO2+H2O
- O2+C6H12O6
- Cellular respiration releases
carbon dioxide, which is used in
photosynthesis. Photosynthesis
in turn releases oxygen used in
respiration. Animals and other
heterotrophs depend on green
organisms for organic food,
energy, and oxygen. In the carbon
cycle, organisms exchange carbon
dioxide with the atmosphere.
- Definition: Anything
that releases more
carbon than it
absorbs
- Carbon Sink
- Definition: Anything that
absorbs more carbon than
it releases
- Definition: Anything that
absorbs more carbon than
it releases
- Structure of Leaf
- Photosynthesis is a very
important factor in the
leaf process
- Cuticle- covers all areas to
minimize water loss
- Upper Epidermis- .This is a single layer of
cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The
cells are quite transparent and permit most
of the light that strikes them to pass
through to the underlying cells
- palisade layer- location of photosynthesis
- vein- A vein is made up of a vascular
bundle. At the core of each bundle are
clusters of two distinct types of conducting
cells: Xylem: cells that bring water and
minerals from the roots into the leaf.
Phloem: cells that usually move sap, with
dissolved sucrose, produced by
photosynthesis in the leaf, out of the leaf
- xylem
- phloem
- phloem
- spongy layer- Below the palisade layer is the spongy layer,
which contains cells that are more spread out, allowing
for air pockets
- lower epidermis- The lower epidermis contains stomata cells that help
prevent water loss and regulate the exchange of gases such as oxygen and
carbon dioxide, enabling plants to survive
- Guard cells have a very important job because by opening and closing
stomata, they facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis and help minimize
water loss
- Guard cells have a very important job because by opening and closing
stomata, they facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis and help minimize
water loss
- stomates- Plants 'breathe' too, but they do it
through tiny openings in leaves called stomata
(singular: stoma). Stomata open and close to allow
the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of
oxygen
- lower epidermis- The lower epidermis contains stomata cells that help
prevent water loss and regulate the exchange of gases such as oxygen and
carbon dioxide, enabling plants to survive
- xylem
- vein- A vein is made up of a vascular
bundle. At the core of each bundle are
clusters of two distinct types of conducting
cells: Xylem: cells that bring water and
minerals from the roots into the leaf.
Phloem: cells that usually move sap, with
dissolved sucrose, produced by
photosynthesis in the leaf, out of the leaf
- palisade layer- location of photosynthesis
- Upper Epidermis- .This is a single layer of
cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The
cells are quite transparent and permit most
of the light that strikes them to pass
through to the underlying cells
- parts of the chloroplasts when looking at a leaf sideways
- Carbohydrates are compounds produced during
photosynthesis. In plants, they have two main purposes.
First, they provide building blocks for plant structural
components, such as cellulose (important in building
cell walls). Secondly, carbohydrates are molecules that
deliver energy for plant growth
- Photosynthesis is a very
important factor in the
leaf process
- Carbon Source
- Hydrological Cycle
- Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water
as vapor through stomata in its leaves. Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle.
An element (such as a tree) that contributes to evapotranspiration can be called an
evapotranspirator.
- Percolation is part of the water cycle that
occurs after precipitation and before
storage during which water filters down
through aerated soil due to gravity. After
percolation, water is stored in
groundwater reservoirs until it reaches a
point where sunlight warms it and the
water evaporates
- Infiltration is the process by which precipitation or
water soaks into subsurface soils and moves into
rocks through cracks and pore spaces.
- Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water
as vapor through stomata in its leaves. Evapotranspiration is an important part of the water cycle.
An element (such as a tree) that contributes to evapotranspiration can be called an
evapotranspirator.
- Nitrogen Cycle
- move between soil and air
- bacteria
- nitrifying bacteris- into nitrogen
- denitrifying bacteria- gets rid of nitrogen
- denitrifying bacteria- gets rid of nitrogen
- nitrifying bacteris- into nitrogen
- bacteria
- nitrification- adding nitrogen
- denitrification- getting rid of nitrogen
- Assimilation. the process in which plants absorb ammonium, amonia ions, and nitrate ions through
their roots. Chemotroph. an organism, such as a bacterium or protozoan, that obtains its
nourishment through the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds, as opposed to photosynthesis
- nitrogen fixation - the chemical processes by
which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into
organic compounds, especially by certain
microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.
- move between soil and air
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