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Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)
- German philosopher & economist
- believed that order was created &
maintained through conflict
- class conflict
- class inequality
- idea in capitalist societies where one small group owns most of the
wealth and the vast majority owns little to nothing.
- idea in capitalist societies where one small group owns most of the
wealth and the vast majority owns little to nothing.
- class inequality
- mixture of force & persuasion
- controlling people through violence / threat of death/punishment
- persuaded to behave in an orderly manner (eg : religious
teachings that encourage belief in higher power & one's
predetermined place in the world.
- controlling people through violence / threat of death/punishment
- class conflict
- argued that social development went
through "4 epochs" / "time periods"
- each was characterised by a different type of economic relationship
- primitive communism
- ancient society
- feudal / pre-industrial society
- peasant & lord relationship
- peasant & lord relationship
- capitalist / industrial society
- employer/owner &
employee/non-owner relationship
- dominant group - "bourgeoisie"
- owned the means of economic production (land, factories, machines)
- owned the means of economic production (land, factories, machines)
- non-dominant group - "proletariat"
- vast majority. owns nothing but
ability to work which they trade in
exchange for money.
- vast majority. owns nothing but
ability to work which they trade in
exchange for money.
- employer/owner &
employee/non-owner relationship
- characterised by conflict bc it's the
domination of one group over the
other.
- primitive communism
- each was characterised by a different type of economic relationship
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