Munic Putsch 1923

Munic Putsch 1923

What happened?
1. 1. Hitler assembled the SA. He hoped to take power by starting a revolution. During the crisis of 1923, therefore, Hitler plotted with two nationalist politicians - Kahr and Lossow - to take over Munich.
2. 2. But then, on 4 October 1923, Kahr and Lossow called off the rebellion. This was an impossible situation for Hitler, who had 3,000 troops ready to fight.
3. 3. On the night of 8 November 1923, Hitler and 600 storm troopers burst into a meeting that Kahr and Lossow were holding at the local Beer Hall. Hitler forced them to agree to rebel - and then let them go home. The SA took over the army headquarters and the offices of the local newspaper.
4. 4. The next day, 9 November 1923, Hitler and his Nazis went into Munich on what they thought would be a triumphal march to take power. However, Kahr had called in police and army reinforcements. There was a short scuffle in which the police killed 16 Nazis. Hitler fled, but was arrested two days later.
Why did Hitler attempt the Munic putsch?
1. By 1923, the Nazi party had 55,000 members and was stronger than ever before.
2. The Weimar Republic was in crisis and about to collapse.
3. In September 1923, the Weimar government had called off the general strike, and every German nationalist was furious with the government.
4. Hitler thought he would be helped by important nationalist politicians in Bavaria.
5. Hitler had a huge army of storm troopers, but he knew he would lose control of them if he did not give them something to do.
6. Hitler hoped to copy Mussolini - the Italian fascist leader - who had come to power in Italy in 1922 by marching on Rome.
What were the results of the Munic Putsch?
1. The Nazi party was banned, and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until 1927.
2. Hitler went to prison, where he wrote 'Mein Kampf'. Millions of Germans read it, and Hitler's ideas became very well-known.
3. Hitler decided that he would never come to power by revolution; he realised that he would have to use constitutional means, so he organised:
  1. The SS as his personal bodyguard, which was set up in 1925 It was this strategy of gaining power legitimately that eventually brought him to power.
  2. The Hitler Youth
  3. Propaganda campaigns
  4. Mergers with other right-wing parties
  5. Local branches of the party, which tried to get Nazis elected to the Reichstag.

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