Patterns of Inheritance

Descripción

AS level (Module 6- Genetics and Ecosystems) Biology Mapa Mental sobre Patterns of Inheritance, creado por 007842-Stuart Denton el 17/02/2017.
007842-Stuart Denton
Mapa Mental por 007842-Stuart Denton, actualizado hace más de 1 año
007842-Stuart Denton
Creado por 007842-Stuart Denton hace casi 8 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Patterns of Inheritance
  1. Factors affecting phenotype
    1. Enviromental
      1. Scars
        1. Accents
        2. Genetic
          1. Persistent
            1. Transmitter through multiple generations without change
            2. Random
              1. Mutates on a gene the the organism doesn't use
            3. Sexual Reproduction
              1. Variation occurs in Meiosis
                1. Metaphase one
                  1. Chromatids cross over
                  2. Anaphase 1&2
              2. Chromosome Mutations
                1. Deletion
                  1. lost
                  2. Inversion
                    1. Turned around
                    2. Translocation
                      1. Breaks off, reconnects to another chromosome
                      2. Duplication
                        1. Non-disjunction
                          1. One pair fails to separate, extra chromosome
                          2. Aneuploidy
                            1. Chromosome number is not exact multiple for that organism
                            2. Polyploidy
                              1. Diploid fertilised by haploid = Triploid
                                1. Fusion of two diploid = Tetraploid zygote
                              2. Factors affecting Genotype
                                1. Biological
                                  1. Chemical
                                    1. Physical agents
                                    2. Dihybrid Cross
                                      1. Mendel
                                        1. Two genes are inherited independently
                                          1. During fertilisation any allele can bind with any other allele
                                            1. Simultaneous inheritance of two characteristics
                                            2. Co-dominance & Linkage
                                              1. Multiple alleles- more than two variations of the gene
                                                1. Can still only process two alleles, one for each gene locus
                                                2. Human blood groups, three allele for one gene
                                                  1. If you have 2 codominant alleles, the phenotype of a homozygous organism will be different from a heterozygous because both alleles contribute
                                                    1. Sex- linkage
                                                      1. Colourblindness and Haemophillia
                                                        1. Males mostly affect because lack of second X chromosome
                                                      2. Epistasis
                                                        1. Antagonistically
                                                          1. Complementary
                                                            1. Is the interaction of non-linked gene loci
                                                              1. Ignores the dom and recess nature
                                                            2. Stats
                                                              1. Chi-Squared
                                                                1. Hardy-Weinberg
                                                                2. Factors affecting genetic variation
                                                                  1. Population size
                                                                    1. Isolation
                                                                      1. Mutation rate
                                                                        1. Genetic drift
                                                                          1. Continious or discontinious variation
                                                                          2. Three types of selection:
                                                                            1. Stabalising
                                                                              1. Environment remains the same, leads to reduction in genetic variety
                                                                              2. Directional
                                                                                1. Environment changes, leads to shift in optimum value
                                                                                  1. Used by selective breeders
                                                                                    1. Can alternate with periods of stablising
                                                                                    2. Dsiruptive
                                                                                      1. Favours both extreme and intermediate traits
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