Consuming Resources

Key Words
1. Non-renewable: Cannot be re-made as they take millions of years to form and are being used up quickly e.g. coal, oil, gas
2. Sustainable Resources: Can be deliberately renewed so they will last in the future e.g. wood
3. Renewable Resources: As sustainable, but renew themselves so don't need to be managed e.g. solar, wind
4. Natural Resource: Things found in the natural world that are of use to us and have the technology/willingness to use
  1. Energy- Oil, coal, gas, urainium
  2. Minerals- Rocks (iron+gold)
  3. Physical: Land, water, sunlight, wind
  4. Biological- Timber, plants, animals
How are resources distributed around the world?
1. Countries that have the natural resources are the ones exporting and not using them
  1. Saudi Arabia
  2. Russia
  3. Norway
  4. Middle East
2. Countries that don't have resources use more of them (unfair)!
  1. USA
  2. UK
What are Google and BMW doing?
1. BMW
  1. Recycle BMW's and use parts in new ones
  2. When designing cars they plan how to recycle parts later on
  3. Examine cars to see what can be recycled efficiently
2. Google
  1. California, USA
  2. Provide free shuttles to+from work for workers (run on biodiesal)
  3. Persuade workers to use bikes+fuel efficient cars to gain points and get money back
  4. Workers build up points for google to donate money to charity
  5. Use solar power (9200 PV solar panels on roof)
Case Study: Geothermal Power, Iceland
2. Future pressure on supply and demand
  1. Supply= will be able to use it for 100's of years in the future, they have used it for 60 years.
  2. Demand= Iceland use their power but they may be considering exporting it to other countries via an underwater cable (e.g. to the UK)
3. Global economic growth may be affected if they export their energy but so far it is just Iceland's wealth
4. Iceland rely on geothermal energy and water instead of fossil fuels
5. Constructive plate boundary
6. Heat lagoons and tourist attractions as well as locals water+homes
Case Study: Oil, OPEC
1. OPEC= Organisation of the Pertoleum Exporting Countries
2. OPEC members= United Arab Emerates, Kuwait, Iran, Algeria, Saudi Arabia ect...
3. OPEC's aim= To secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers while ensuring a reliable supply to importers.
4. OPEC members produce 45% of the world's oil and exports are 55%
5. OPEC control oil exports and dictate prices
6. If they reduce production then oil prices could rise because oil demand increases
7. Rise in demand means more oil needs producing but it is non-renewable and oil supply is running out
Malthus and Boserup's Theories
1. Malthus
  1. 1766-1834
  2. Believed population grew expenentially (doubling at each stage)
    1. 1 --> 2 --> 4 --> 8 --> 16
  3. Believed food production grew arithmatically (adding 1 unit at each stage)
    1. 1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4 --> 5
  4. He believed that eventually food production would outstrip food supply so the population would decrease due to starvation+disease
  5. When population outstripped food supply natural checks would happen
    1. 'Natural checks' would take place to maintain the population e.g. war, natural disaster (earthquakes), disease ect..
      1. He also believed morality would play a part in it because people would do the morally right thing by not having sexual relations or get married
  6. Earlier theory, un-believeable, unreliable
2. Boserup
  1. 1910-1999
  2. "necessity is the mother of invention"
  3. Published a book that opposed Malthus' ideas
  4. She said that food production does not limit or control population growth
  5. She believed that people wouldn't give in to the disease or famine, they would invent solutions to the problems
  6. 'Agricultural intensification' means farmers will develop better farming techniques and chemical fertilisers to grow more food from the same piece of land
  7. More recent, more believeable, more reliable
How can we reduce resource use?
1. Renewable resource use
2. Change lifestyles
3. Educate people via local+national governments
How do local and national governments educate people on recycling and conserving resources?
1. National
  1. DEFRA= Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
    1. Make government policies like 'Waste Policy Preview' for local councils to educate people as well as websites
  2. DEFRA focus is on litter and flytipping
    1. Protect environment
  3. Environment Agency
    1. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
    2. Reduce amount of electrical items produced to encourage everyone to reduce reuse and recycle
2. Local
  1. Cambridgeshire has its own strategies
    1. Guided bus
    2. School talks
    3. Adult talks
  2. Education centres
  3. 'Reduce Reuse Recycle'

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