14547003
Description
Flashcards by Laura Mariño, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Laura Mariño
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | Development which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs |
| Sustainable Development - Environment | Protection of nature and biodiversity, reduction of gas emissions and waste |
| Sustainable development - economy | Growth - equity - welfare - financial stability |
| Sustainable development - society | human rights - labour force - poverty |
| Life Cicle Assessment LCA | -Assessment of potential environmental impacts of a product or service over its entire life cycle -Just environment focus - According to ISO 14040/44 Standard |
| LCA asists on | 1. Identify opportunities to improve environmental performance of products and services at various points in their life cycle 2. Informs decision makers 3. Marketing - ecolabelling |
| LCA Phase 1 Goal & Scope | Goal: intended application and study reasons, targeted audience Scope: Functional unit, reference flows, elementary flows, product system, process units, system boundaries, impact categories, |
| Functional Unit | Quantification of the identified functions of a product - ensures comparability of LCA results (common basis) |
| Product system | what processes are considered - from raw materials extraction to recycling |
| Impact categories | Global warming potential eco-toxicity Acidification potential Resource depletion potential Eutrophication potential Ozone depletion potential Water resource depletion potential |
| Reference flow | Amount of products needed to fulfill the function expresedssed by the functional unit |
| System Boundary | Defines the unit processes to be included in the system, excessed only by elementary flows |
| Elementary flow | Material or energy entering or leaving the system without human transformation |
| LCA Phase 2 Life Cicle Inventory LCI | Compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs for a product throughout its life cycle -Quantify inputs and outputs of a product system -Inputs: energy, raw materials, auxiliaries Output: waste, emissions |
| LCA Phase 3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment LCIA | Understand and evaluate the magnitude and significance of the potential environmental impacts for a product system -Inputs&Outputs from LCI are translated into environmental impacts |
| LCA Phase 3 - MANDATORY ELEMENTS Life Cycle Impact Assessment LCIA | 1. Selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterization models 2. Clasification - Assignment of LCI results to selected impact categories 3. Characterization - Calculation of category indicator results -> convert LCI results to common units |
| LCA Phase 3 - VOLUNTARY ELEMENTS Life Cycle Impact Assessment LCIA | 1.Normalization: calculation of the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference formation 2. Grouping - sort and rank impact categories (by input, output, impact..) 3. Weighting: convert and aggregate indicator results across impact categories |
| Classification impact categories | Global warming -> CO2/CH4 emissions Eutrophication -> NO3 emissions Acidification -> SO2 emissions |
| Characterization of impacts | Multiply each emission (LCI) with a charaterization factor (CF) 10 kg CO2 * 1(cf) = 10 kg CO2 eq |
| Where can impacts be determined? | Mid points - more proven but abstract (co2 eq End points - insecure but real damage: Areas of protection (years of life lost) |
| LCA Phase 4 Interpretation | -Discuss results from LCI+LCIA or just LCI according to the goal and scope -Id. process and materials that cause impacts -Scenario analysis -Conclusions & recomendations |
| LCIA Limitations | Addresses only environmental issues specified in goal and scope but there is not a complete assessment of ALL environmental issues of the product system |
| LCA Limitations | You cannot say one product is better than another, there is no risk assessment, different impacts in different studies or goals and scopes |
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