31221831
Description
Flashcards by ACAPUN INSTITUTE, updated 3 months ago
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Created by ACAPUN INSTITUTE
about 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Streptomycin MOA | Binds to 30S ribosome & changes its structure -aminoglycoside |
| Tetracycline MOA | Binds to 30S subunit & blocks tRNA from coming into the "A" site (EPA) -can cuase tooth stain due to a mis-sense mutation |
| Rifampin | Fights tuberculosis by interfering with tranSCRIPTION |
| Aminoglycosides MOA | -Streptomycin binds to 30S ribosome and inhibit translation |
| Streptomyin, tetraycin, and clindamycin MOA | Inhibit ribosomes AND translation (protein synthesis) |
| Antibiotics that bind to the 50S subunit? | Clindamycin & erythroycin -erythromycin and penicillin are antagonistic to each other and will CANCEL each other out so don't give togehter |
| What happens if you give penicillin and erythromycin together? | They are antagonistic to each other and will cancel each other out so DON'T give together |
| Methotrexate MOA | -Used to treat cancer -incorporated into DNA S phase of the cell cycle -Inhibits production of tetrahydrofolic acid (TFA) -TFA is used by some enzymes in purine and pyrimidine synthesis so methotrexate stops production of purines and pyrimidines |
| Sulfonamide MOA | Look like PABA & compete to inhibit in the synthesis of folic aid -therefore, cannot make purines & pyramidines |
| Streptomycin does what | Binds to ribosome and changes its structure |
| Clindamycin/erythromycin | Binds to ribosome 50s subunit and prevents it from moving along mRNA |
| Fluorouracil MOA | Inhibits thymidylate synthase |
| What clotting value(s) does warfarin increase? | PTT and PT |
| TOPICAL Antifungals | Mycelex (clotrimazole) Nystatin |
| SYSTEMIC Antifungals | - Flucanazole - Amphotericin B - Ketocanzole |
| flucanazole = | Diflucan |
| Systemic antifungal in HIV pt | fluconazole |
| tx for vaginal candidiasis | fluconazole |
| systemic antifungal | fluconazole |
| troch, dissolve and swallow | mycelex (clotrimazole) |
| oral rinse | nystatin |
| tx for candida that can wipe away | nystatin |
| systemic med for candida | amphotericin B |
| angular chelitis | nystatin *think dentures... you can get AC from wearing dentures.. you will want to rinse the dentures as well as the mouth... think NYSTATIN rinse |
| oral fungal infection | nystatin |
| Antifungal for ORAL candidiasis (2x) | clotrimazole and nystatin |
| Action of clotrimazole | alter the enzyme for synthesis of ergosterol, alter cell mb permeability |
| AZOLES | inhibit lanosterol conversion to ergosterol |
| POLYENES | bind to ergosterol on cell and create a pore |
| *if have denture give the rinse... make sure they use orally and to clean denture | * troches work better bc they stay in mouth longer than rinse... they have more contact w/ infection for longer period of time |
| Athletes foot | Griseofulvin |
| Acetaminophen contraindicated with? | Alcohol. HEPATOTOXICITY |
| Epinephrine should not be used with? | TCA |
| Epinephrine is not used in patients with? | HYPERTHYROIDISM |
| Erythromycin and Tetracycline are prescribed carefully in pt with? | PEPTIC ULCER (interacts with antacids) |
| Penicillin is cross allergenic with | CEPHALOSPORIN (B-lactamase) |
| Penicillin is antagonistic with which drug | Tetracycline |
| Benzodiazepine antagonist | Flumazenil |
| Opioid antagonist | Naloxone |
| Antihistamine is contraindicated with which drug | Erythromycin |
| Lidocaine cross allergenic with? | Mepivacaine |
| 3 drugs that cause gingival enlargement | - Phenytoin - Nifedipine - Cyclosporine |
| side effect of chloramphenicol | aplastic anemia |
| Aspirin is contraindicated with which drug | Coumadin(WARFARIN) |
| Glucocorticoids are contraindicated with what disease | Diabetes |
| Benzodiazepines is contraindicated with what diseases | pregnant women Myasthenia gravis Glaucoma COPD Emphysema |
| Meds that cause bad taste | Metronidazole Carbamazepine Chantix |
| Best benzodiazepine for IV sedation | MIDAZOLAM- amnesia |
| Best benzodiazepine for pt with liver cirrhosis | oxazepam |
| Which benzodiazepines used for depression and anxiety for OCD | Xanax(Alprazolam) |
| Medication for grand mal seizure | Phenytoin (Dilantin) |
| Medication for Status epilepticus | Valium (diazepam) |
| Most common seizure in children | grand mal (febrile) |
| drug for lidocaine induced seizures | Diazepam (Valium) |
| MOA of barbiturates | Potentiate the effects of GABA by increasing the *duration* of Cl- channel opening |
| long acting barbiturate | Phenobarbital- for seizures |
| MOA of benzodiazepines | Potentiate GABA neurotransmitter by increasing Cl- transfer- Sedative effects |
| Which barbiturate most readily penetrates BBB? Also short ultra-acting IV for general anesthesia | Thiopental |
| side effect of antihistamines (h1) | Dry mouth and throat Increase heart rate Pupil dilation Urinary retention Constipation |
| Benadryl (diphenhydramine) | H1 receptor antagonist (1st Generation) antihistamine/makes you sleepy Treats: N/V, allergic reactions Effects #1 = dry mouth IM --> Z track, deep injection Antihistamines = prevent release of histamine by blocking H1 receptor sites on the mast cells in nasal cavity. |
| What drug is used for motion sickness | Benadryl (diphenhydramine) |
| Morphine overdose treatment | Naloxone |
| Med for Detoxification of Morphine addicts | Methadone |
| Opioids MOA | Binds to mu-opioid receptors in the CNS to alter the perception of pain |
| Overdose of opioids | Leads to respiratory depression progressing to coma and death Analgesia Euphoria Sedation Pin point pupils |
| Opioids Contraindications | head injury, renal insufficiency |
| Why acetaminophen and hydrocone so effective together? | Different mechanisms. Larger effect |
| Percocet ingredients | Acetaminophen and Oxycodone |
| Vicodin ingredients | Acetaminophen and Hydrocodone |
| Aspirin MOA | blocks COX irreversibly. Blocks production of TXA2 which impairs PLATELET AGGREGATION. |
| Aspirin adverse effects | Reye's syndrome GI problems |
| Which is a safe pain killer to give pregnant patient? | Tylenol (acetaminophen) |
| What analgesic do you give a child with Asthma | Tylenol. Not aspirin because of hyperventilation |
| PT wants 8 hours of relief after extractions/good sleep | NAPROXEN |
| -afil | PDE5 inhibitors Phosphodiesterase inhibitors prevent the degradation of cAMP and cGMP (second messengers). *Sildenafil*, avanafil, tadalfil, vardenafil Mostly used to treat erectile dysfunction |
| -asone | corticosteroid *Dexamethasone*, betamethasone, fluticasone Reduces inflammation and suppresses immune system |
| -bicin | antineoplastic |
| -bital | barbiturate *phenobarbital*, butabarbital, secobarbital Used as anticonvulsants (also have anxiolytic and hypnotic effects, but benzodiazepines replaced barbiturates for this use) |
| -caine | local anesthetic |
| cef-/ceph- | cephalosporin antibiotic cephalexin, cefaclor, cefdinir,cefixime Bactericidal β-Lactam antibiotics that are less susceptible to β-Lactamase than penicillin |
| -cillin | penicillin antibiotic amoxicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin β-Lactam antibiotics (break down bacterial cell wall) |
| cort | corticosteroid fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone |
| -cycline | tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline Broad-spectrum antibiotics that are mostly used when patients are allergic to penicillin antibiotics or macrolides |
| -dipine | calcium channel blocker amlodipine, nifedipine Usually used to treat hypertension and coronary artery disease Ca++ channel blockers prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle cells, which prevents muscle contraction, resulting in vasodilation. |
| -dronate | bisphosphonate ibandronate, alendronate Bisphosphonates kill osteoclasts, and are therefore used in treatment of osteoporosis *Vastly increased risk of BRONJ* |
| -prazole | proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole PPIs are used in treatment of GERD. |
| -fenac | NSAID diclofenac Reduces pain and inflammation |
| -floxacin | quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin Broad-spectrum antibiotics *Contraindicated for use in children* due to risk of adverse side effects on musculoskeletal system |
| -glitazone | thiazolidinedione (antidiabetic drug) pioglitazone, troglitazone *Treats Type II DM* -- TZDs cause increased transcription of genes that promote storage of fatty acids in adipocytes, meaning the body has fewer free fatty acids in circulation and thus must be more dependent on glucose for energy. |
| -amine | antihistamine brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pheniramine H1 antihistamines block H1 receptors to help relieve allergic reactions (IgE rxns) |
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