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| Question | Answer |
| What is the Nephron? | The functional unit of the kidney |
| Where is the nephron located? | Within the renal cortex of the kidney, spilling into the renal medulla. |
| What are the tubular components of the nephron? | > Bowman's capsule > Proximal tubule > Descending loop of henle > Loop of Henle > Ascending loop of henle > Distal tubule > Collecting Duct |
| What are the vascular components of the nephron? | > Renal Artery > Renal Vein > Glumerulus > Peritubular capillaries |
| What are the 3 processes of filtration? | 1. Filtration 2. Reabsorption 3. Secretion |
| Explain the pathway of filtration | Blood enters the glumerulus in the bowman's capsule where it moves to the proximal tubule and down into the loop of henle |
| Why is osmotic pressure important in filtration? | There is an hydrostic pressure within the atriole of 55mmHg. While there are 2 opposing pressures (osmotic & hydrostic) which equal 45mmHg. When high blood pressure is present, opposing force is too great and blood cannot be filtered out. |
| Where must filtrate pass through? | > pores of the glomerular capillaries > the basement membrane > slits within the bowman's capsule |
| What is reabsorption? | The selective movement of solutes out of the filtrate and back into the blood via the peritubular capillaries |
| What electrolyte is needed for reabsorption occur and how does reabsorption occur? | Through both passive and active transport mechanisms, K+ is pumped into the tubular cells to pull Na+ and H20 out of the tube and back into the peritubular capillaries. |
| What part of the nephron is impermeable to water? | The ascending loop of henle |
| What is secretion? | Selective movement of non-filtered substances from peritubular capillaries into the tubular system |
| How does secretion work? | The same as reabsorption but in reverse. K+ will diffuse back into the tubule system, to be filtered out. |
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