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| Question | Answer |
| Scientific attitude | having a correct independent attitude, knowledge & skills to conduct research |
| Domain | 'area' that is relevant to your research |
| Elements | people/ objects that you make a statement about as a result of your research |
| Fundamental Research | Research that adresses theoretical questions |
| Applied research | Research that addresses practical questions |
| Qualitative | Research not based on numerical information |
| Quantitative | Research based on numerical information |
| Holism | a study or method of treatment that is concerned with wholes or with complete systems |
| Inductive | Theory development |
| Deductive | Theory testing |
| Iterative | Repeated data collection and analysis until the central question can be solved |
| Triangulalation | Mixed method approach |
| Paradigm | a framework containing the basic assumptions, ways of thinking, and methodology that are commonly accepted by members of a scientific community. |
| Empirical analytical approach | An approach that mesures behaviour objectively, leaving nothing to chance and aproaches processes rationality |
| Interpretative approaches | • Looking for an interpretation, the way people perceive situations and circumstances • Qualitative analysis • Popular for anthropology (living with research objects) |
| Critical - emancipatory | • Contribute to social processes that lead to greater emancipation among certain groups • Observation and intervention • Action research e.g. case study • Making people freer (Marxism approach) |
| Independent attitude | Disregard the attitudes and opinions of those involved in the research; safeguard objectivity. |
| Intersubjectivity | Researchers among themselves agree about the research results |
| Falsifiability | Statements can be tested for their validity (systematic arrow) |
| Informativity | Statements are formulated accurately and specifically so that they can be tested for validity |
| Generalisability | The scope of your research, both in terms of content and statistics. |
| PTA outline | Problem, Theory, Analysis: outline for solving theory related questions |
| Empirical cycle | |
| Reliability | The extent to which research is free of random errors |
| Validity | The extent to which research is free of system errors. |
| Preliminary research | Gathering information to familiarise yourself with the research topic |
| Big6 - Research method | 1. task definition 2. Choose correct search strategy 3. Decide where you look 4. Study information and select what you need 5. Organise information to answer question/ organise problem 6. Evaluate results |
| Logbook | Research journal |
| Analysis | this process as a method of studying the nature of something or of determining its essential features and their relations |
| Assertion | a positive statement or declaration, often without support or reason |
| Problem description | research objective and central question |
| Objective | The purpose of the researcher ( for researcher, organisation, client) |
| Sub-question | A number of sub-question which together form the central question |
| Concept demarcation | Established what you mean by certain concepts |
| Stipulative meaning | Definition of a concept for a specific research project |
| Hypotheses | Testable expectation about findings of your research |
| Relationship | X --> Y |
| (Conceptual) model | Simplified reflection of reality in which (within the domain) the most important concepts of the research and the expected relationship between these concepts are shown. |
| Causal relationship | the effect of one variable on another (X --> Y) |
| Research plan | A proposal showing the procedure you intend to follow in your research that includes the results of your preliminary research |
| Design choice | The data collection method that you have chosen which is included in the research plan |
| Timeline | outline showing the milestones of your research included in your research plan. |
| Operationalisation | From concept to question |
| Peer examination - or feedback | Assessment by other researchers or fellow students. |
| Cross-sectional | Research at a particular point in time |
| Longitudinal | Research over a longer period of time, with more than one assessment moment |
| Sample | A segment of a population that you (maybe selected randomly) asked to participate in your research |
| Likert scale | lists of questions about the same subject (concept) that have a limited number of possible answers |
| Respondents | People that take part in surveys involving questionnairs |
| Panel survey | A survey done on a regular basis about various subjects and using a panel of people who have enrolled before hand. |
| Secondary analysis | Research based on existing data |
| Meta-analysis | Re-analysis of a larger number of database or texts |
| Laboratory or unbaised experiment | Assessing the effects of experiemnt variables on subjects, in a situation that can be controlled as far as possible, free from outside interference |
| Internal validity | The extent to which the correct conclusion can be drawn |
| Subjects | Participants in an experimental research project |
| Data collection method randomisation | The way in which you collect data |
| Random assignment of subjects to conditions | A proposal showing the procedure you intend to follow in your research that includes the results of your preliminary research |
| Pretest | Measuring of characteristics at the start of the experiment. |
| Posttest | Measuring of characteristics at the end of the experiment |
| Experimental and control groups | An experimental setting in which two groups are used, one that is exposed to the experimental variable and one that is not |
| Placebo effect | Subjects who are not given the active ingredient, but are of the opinion that they can notice a difference suffer from the placebo effect |
| Double blind testing | The subjects, as well as the researchers, do not know which group they will be put into |
| Test effect | Research participants react differently because they are taking part in research |
| Solomon four group design | Special experimental setting consisting of four groups |
| Quasi-experiment or field experiement | Experiments that use 'existing groups'; not a pure experiement (not done in laboratory) |
| Monitor | Data collection on the development of a particular phenomenon using questionnaires more than once, and generally on a regular basis |
| Variables | The characteristics of the unit that you are assessing in your research |
| Operationalization |
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