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Flashcards by bintou secka, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by bintou secka
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Christianity the bible as a source of wisdom in daily life. | canon- a biblical canon of scripture is a set of texts which a particular religious community regards as authoritative. |
| *the bible grew up around Jesus. "these were written to testify about me" the Hebrew scriptures "the old testament" the bible in Jesus' day. the gospels and letters sent to people to teach people about Jesus. the old testament was before Jesus and the new testament is about Jesus life and after Jesus these two come together to make the canon. | 1. When did the Hebrew Bible become canon? We do not know the exact date the Jewish scriptures became canon. Many scholars believe the three parts represent three stages. 1. The Torah is the earliest part to be recognized prior or during the exile of Judah to Babylon in 6th century BCE. This was a time when Jews lost the temple as the centre of their faith and needed written accounts to help teach the religion. 2. The writings of the prophets who spoke in the name of God occurred soon after this. 3. The collection of “Writings” were not recognized as authoritative until the first centuries of the Common Era. |
| 2. How were the decisions made? On what basis did Jews accept or reject books that made it into the canon? There were several factors: 1. The books had to survive 2. They must have supported the Torah (sometimes referred to as the “canon within the canon” 3. They had to be recognized by a wide variety of Jews in supporting their faith and practice. | 3. Different Christian Old Testaments Catholic and Protestant Bibles have a slightly different Old Testament. This is because the Jewish canon was not closed at the time of the New Testament. Furthermore, the New Testament writers used the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible (Septuagint) which included some Jewish writings only written in Greek, that were later excluded from the Jewish canon. Some refer to these books as Deutero-canonical because they come after the canonical works of the rest of the Old Testament. Catholics believe that all books of the Bible are fully equally inspired. One difference is the addition of books to the Catholic Old Testament such as Judith and Maccabees. |
| 4. Protestant Bibles Protestants use the term “Apocrypha” to refer to these books, this word means “hidden”. Protestant bibles placed the “Apocrypha” into a separate section of the Bible or left them out completely. These books are not seen as canonical. This collection is also called Intertestamental literature as these books were written between the closing of the Hebrew canon and the beginning of the New Testament. | 5. New Testament canon Before the New Testament, the only scriptures Christians held were Jewish scriptures. Therefore, Christian messages were conveyed orally by the teaching of the Apostles. The next phase of the development of the New Testament came with the letters of Paul to various churches, followed by the Gospels and the Book of Revelation. The Muratorian Canon is perhaps the oldest known list of books in the NT, with some scholars dating this list at about 170 CE. |
| 6. How New Testament books were chosen As with the Hebrew Bible there are no written criteria to guide the selection of the books to the canon. However there are three factors of influence: 1. Had to have a connection to the Apostles 2. Had to have a connection with the churches and support faith and practice 3. Had to conform to the faith of Christianity. | 7. Disagreements about the New Testament Even though there was wide consensus on the books in the New Testament, there were some disagreements. In the 2nd century a church leader names Marcion created a Bible composed only of the Gospel of Luke and the letters of Paul. He attempted to remove all aspects of Judaism from his Bible. The Apostolic Fathers (theologians taught by the Apostles) rejected this Bible. They believed strongly that the Christian Bible should include the Old Testament. |
| 8. Why is order important? You may think the Bible follows a chronological order, from the creation of the world to the announcement of the coming of the new heaven and new earth in the Book of Revelation. However, this is not always the case. In the Hebrew Bible, the book of Ruth follows the Song of Solomon even though it refers to events far earlier. In the New Testament the first book that was written (Thessalonians in the early 50s) has been placed after the Gospels which were composed decades later. Clearly more is going on it the order of Biblical books than at first appears. | 9. The order of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament How we order things often reflects their importance. The Bible begins with the Torah, which includes the history leading up to God creating a covenant with Israel through the law given to Moses. The prophets can be seen as describing the “highs and lows” of living in Israel with the covenant. Finally the writings give insights into living faithfully in different situations. However, there are some differences between The Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament: 1. Christian Old Testament ends with the minor prophets the Hebrew Bible ends with Ezra, Nehemiah and Chronicles. This is because the Christian Bible follows the order of the Septuagint (The Greek version of the Hebrew Bible). 2. The ending of the Hebrew Bible places focus on the Jews having returned from exile and rebuilding their nation. Whereas the Minor Prophets look ahead to the return of Elijah. |
| 10. The order of the New Testament 1. In the New Testament the life, death and resurrection of Jesus is the “canon within the canon”; it is therefore placed first. 2. Narrative of the birth of the Church (Acts). 3. The letters if Paul. 4. Letters not attributed to Paul. 5. The book of Revelation. | Other factors on the ordering of Biblical books… • When books have been thought to be by the same author they may be placed together. • Story-line thread is also a factor: Joshua through to Kings tells one successive account. |
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