114709
Description
Flashcards by rachibabes101, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rachibabes101
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Crater | Created after an eruption blows the top off a volcano |
| Magma V lava | Magma is molten rock beneath the earth, it is called lava when it reaches the eaths surface, when it cools it forms rock |
| Pyroclastic flow | Mixture of hot steam, ash, rock and dust, which rolls down the side of a volcano at high speeds |
| Lahar | If the ash and mud from a volcanic eruption mix with rain water or melting snow, fast moving mudflows are created called lahars. |
| Tsunami | A special type of wave where the entire depth of the ocean is set in motion, often by an earthquake which displaces the water above it and creates a huge wave |
| Super volcano | Colossal volcano that erupts at least 1,000km3 of material |
| Caldera | The huge depression that marks the collapse of the magma chamber |
| Fissures | Extended openings along a line of weakness that allow magma to escape |
| Geothermal | Water that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways |
| Geyser | A geothermal feature - water erupts into the air under pressure |
| Hot spot | A section of the earths crust where plumes of magma rise, weakening the crust |
| Magma chamber | A collection of magma inside the earth below the volcano |
| Vent | Main outlet for magma to escape |
| Secondary vents | Smaller outlets through which magma escapes |
| Short term response | Ability to recover immediately after an earthquake, eg. rescuing people, dealing with injuries, providing shelter food+water, dealing with leaking gas and electricity cables |
| Long term response | Designing earthquake proof buildings, homes, factories, rebuilding the city, long term loans off other countries to help rebuild, medical facilities |
| Core | Centre of the earth |
| Mantle | Contains magma which moves slowly. Convection currents occur here which causes plates to move |
| Crust | Outer layer of the earth. Divided into slabs called tectonic plates |
| Oceanic crust | Newer - less than 200 million years Denser Can sink Can be renewed and destroyed in the mantle |
| Continental Crust | Older - over 200 million Less dense Cant sink Cant be renewed or destroyed in the mantle |
| Earthquake | Sudden and violent shaking of the earth, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earths crust |
| Earth tremor | A small earthquake, vibration through the earths crust |
| After shock | A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large one |
| Fault line | A line on a rock surface or ground that traces a geological fault |
| Focus | The point beneath the earths surface where rock breaks under stress and the plates shift |
| Epicentre | The point on the earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| Richter scale | Numerical scale expressing magnitude of an earthquake |
| Seismometer | Instruments that measure movements of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes |
| Seismograph | An instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes such as force and duration |
| Magnitude | A measure of the amount of energy that is released during an earthquake |
| The 3 P's policy | Predict, prepare, protect |
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