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Description
Flashcards by lily bevan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by lily bevan
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is genetic engineering? | Modifying the genome of an organism to introduce 1 or more desirable characteristics. |
| What are the benefits of genetic engineering/ | + genetically engineered bacteria can make medicines such as insulin + we can introduce resistance to different virus' in plant + we can make 'golden rice' w/ more vitamins |
| What is one example of genetic engineering? | Adding one or more genes into a genome. |
| Why does adding genes to a genome work? | All organisms have DNA & use the same bases (ACTG) in their genetic code. |
| What are are the steps of adding genes to a genome? | 1. Prepare the DNA by isolating the gene from the donor organism & copying it many times. 2. Put the gene into a vector that will carry the gene into the target cell. 3. Select the cells that have successfully taken up the DNA & grow them further. |
| What does a vector do? | Carries 1 or more new genes into a cell. |
| What do scientists use as vectors when modifying bacteria? | Plasmids |
| How do scientists make it easier to select the successfully modified bacterium. | They add another gene into the plasmid (i.e. they make it fluorescent) |
| How are enzymes used in genetic engineering? | + They cut the DNA when it finds the correct sequence. + They join nucleotides together & insert genes into a plasmid. |
| What is a transgenic organism? | An organism that has been modified to include genetic material from another organism. |
| Why is 'golden rice' beneficial? | It contains beta-carotene, which our bodies use to make vitamin A. |
| What was used as a vector when genetic engineering 'golden rice'? | Agrobacterium. |
| What are some other benefits of genetically engineering crops? | It can improve resistance to pests & diseases, increasing yields & reducing the need for pesticides. |
| Why are people concerned about GM crops? | They are worried about them spreading to other species, & cause harmful effects when consumed. |
| Why is it sometimes difficult ti grow GM crops? | People often protest. |
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