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| Question | Answer |
| What is a stimulus? | Any change in the the internal or external environment (e.g. a change in temperature, light intensity or pressure) |
| How do animals increase their chances of survival? | By responding to changes in their external environment (e.g. avoiding harmful environments) as well as changes in their internal environment to make sure that the conditions are always optimal for their metabolism |
| Complete the sentences: __________ and ___________ are involved in communicating information from one part of an ___________ to another. This makes sure that the activities of different organs are _____________. | RECEPTORS and EFFECTORS are involved in communicating information from one part of an ORGANISM to another. This makes sure that the activities of different organs are COORDINATED. |
| Describe the function, structure and location of receptors | FUNCTION Detect stimuli STRUCTURE Specific - only detect one particular stimulus Some receptors are cells (e.g. photoreceptors connect to the nervous system) LOCATION Some receptors are found on cell surface membranes (e.g. glucose receptors found in the cell membranes of some pancreatic cells) |
| Describe the function and location of receptors | FUNCTION Bring about a response to a stimulus, to produce an effect STRUCTURE Include muscle cells and cells found in glands (e.g. the pancreas) |
| Where does cell signalling occur? | Cell signalling can occur between adjacent cells or between distant cells. For example, cells in the nervous system communicate by secreting neurotransmitters, which sends signals to adjacent cells (e.g. other nerve cells or muscle cells) |
| Complete the sentences: The hormonal system works by cells releasing ___________, which travel in the blood and act as ________ to distant cells. Cell-surface receptors allow cells to recognise the chemicals involved in ______ ___________. | The hormonal system works by cells releasing HORMONES, which travel in the blood and act as SIGNALS to distant cells. Cell-surface receptors allow cells to recognise the chemicals involved in CELL SIGNALLING. |
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