Musicworks

Question	Answer
Gershwin - Melody	Blues - Theme E features a flat 7
Gershwin - Rhythm	Varying tempos, different rhythmic devices used. Some swung rhythms. Tempo and rhythm during solo section elaborated. Use of rubato. Syncopation.
Gershwin - Harmony and Tonality	Use of blues nots: 3rd, 5th, 7th degrees of the scale. Modulates throughout the piece.
Gershwin - Structure	Rhapsodic form - a loose, free form which encourages contrasting themes and melodies. Random, uneven structure but Gershwin composed this work in such a way that it retains some sectional structure. Structure is also reminiscent of a concerto structure "tutti - solo - tutti - solo"
Gershwin - Dynamics	Varying dynamics. Some sudden changes and some gradual, flowing shifts.
Gershwin - Timbre and Instrumentation	Originally written for jazz band and solo piano. Orchestrated three times by Verde Grode and a version for two pianos was written. Utilises both classical and jazz potential - flutter tongue, wah wah mutes. Brings across 20th century style. Banjo and sax. Piano is present in all orchestrations
Gershwin - Texture	Thick and full texture through the tutti passages and thinner texture through the piano solo.
Gershwin - Style and musical influences	Jazz, train ride to Boston. American culture - hispanic tune and jazzy urban theme. Fused elements of jazz and classical music in attempt to bring jazz to the concert hall
Gershwin - Performance context (original)	Gershwin was commissioned to write it by Paul Whiteman. Received a mixed response from the public and critics. Public loved it, critics didn't.
Prokofiev - Melody	Light, flowing, free feeling. Only briefly interrupted by a minor key in theme A of the development. Mostly scalic. Wide leaps in strings in Theme B. Melody here is sharp and angular. Contrasts with Theme A.
Prokofiev - Rhythm	Fast tempo throughout. Constant forward movement because of staccato semiquavers in the underlying parts.
Prokofiev - Harmony and Tonality	Mostly major. Modulates through different keys across the different themes and sections. A few minor keys such as Bm and Dm. Adheres to the classical sonata form structure such as second theme in recapitulation is in the tonic.
Prokofiev - Structure	Sonata Form. Features an exposition with Theme A, A' and B, a development, where each idea is developed and enhanced and the recapitulation, where the themes are restated in order. Balance and simple structure. Typical of classical period.
Prokofiev - Dynamics	Mostly louder dynamics. Some quieter sections. Eg. FF to p immediately in Theme A. Crescendo to each new idea or section.
Prokofiev - Timbre and Instrumentation	Traditional classical orchestra. Very little brass. Emphasis on strings and woodwind. Violins: melody Woodwinds: countermelodies.
Prokofiev - Articulation	Staccato is used to create forward and light timbre. Slurring and tenuto create contrast. Sul punto del arco - modern twist.
Prokofiev - Texture	Some thick sections with everybody playing, some thin sections.
Prokofiev - Style/Musical Influences	Neo Classical No story to tell Wanted to tie classical with 20th century.
Prokofiev - Compositional Devices	Call and response between woodwinds. Rhythmic displacement in the development theme B. Fragmentation in the development.
Prokofiev - Performance Context (original)	Went straight to the concert hall. Loved by the public. Return to classical style but related well to the modern audience.
Gershwin - Tune A Bars	Bars 2 - 5
Gershwin - Tune B bars	Bars 11 - 14
Gershwin - Tune C bars	Bars 19 - 20
Gershwin - Tune D figure	Figure 9
Gershwin - Tune E figure	Figure 14
Gershwin - Tune F - Figure	Figure 28
Flutter Tongue	Bar 13 in the trumpets
Prokofiev - Intro bars	Bars 1 - 2
Where does the exposition come in and until which bar?	Bars 2 - 85
When does Theme A of the exposition come in?	Bars 3 - 18
When does Theme A' in the exposition come in?	Bars 19 - 38
When does Theme B in the Exposition come in?	Figure 6 - Figure 7
When does the Codetta in the Exposition come in?	Figure 10
When does the development come in and until which bar?	Bars 87 - 140
When does Theme A of the development start and finish? When is it repeated?	Figure 12 - figure 13 and parts of theme repeated in bars 103 - 110
When does theme A' of the development come in and when does it finish?	Figure 13 - figure 14
When does Theme B of the development come in and when does it finish?	Figure 15 - Figure 18
When does the Codetta of the development come in and when does it finish?	Bar 131 - 140
When does the Recapitulation begin and end?	Bars 143 - 182
When does Theme A of the recapitulation begin and end?	Figure 20 - figure 21
When does Theme A' of the recapitulation begin and end?	Figure 21 - figure 24
When does Theme B of the recapitulation begin and end?	Figure 24 - 26
When does the Coda begin and end?	Figure 28 to the end
Sonata Form - Intro	Primary function is to strike more serious or grander tone and to establish larger scale of motion
How did Prokofiev fit the description of the introduction of sonata form?	He set the feeling of the entire piece as it is in "con brio" - "with vigour". The fast ascending D major arpeggio also set the forward motion of the entire piece.
How did Prokofiev fit the description of the exposition of sonata form and how does it differ?	- The first subject included more than one theme (Theme A and A') - Theme B was in the dominant because it is a major movement.
Development	-Develops material from the exposition -Moves through a number of keys -Tonal instability and rhythmic and melodic tension -Prepares structural climax, the "double return" too the main theme and to the tonic key which begins the recap
How did Prokofiev fit the description of the development of sonata form and how does it differ?	-It develops each theme in some way eg. theme A is in D minor, not D major. Theme A' is in A flat major. -Intertwining the two moved through keys quickly - Rhythmic displacement = rhythmically unstable -Quick change through keys = melodically unstable -Codetta acts as structural climax = tutti - Because it is so similar to exposition codetta, it provides a nice turn around
Recapitulation	-Restates themes of exposition, usually in the same order - Second theme is now heard in tonic - May be temporary excursions to other keys
How did Prokofiev fit the description of the recapitulation of sonata form and how does it differ?	-Reinstate themes in order - Second theme heard in tonic - No excursions to other keys, once it reaches the tonic it remains in the tonic until the end
Coda	- Reinstates main theme - Climax ending
Exposition - Theme A Keys	D major, C major
Exposition - Theme A' Keys	D major, B minor
Exposition - Theme B Key	A major
Exposition - Codetta Key	A major
Development - Theme A Key	D minor
Development - Theme A' Key	A flat major
Development - Theme A Key (2nd time)	A minor
Development - Theme B Key	E major (modulates a lot!)
Development - Codetta Key	C major
Recapitulation - Theme A Key	C major
Recapitulation - Theme A' Key	D major
Recapitulation - Theme B Key	D major
Coda Key	D major
When does Tune A appear in Rhapsody in Blue?	Bar 2
When does Tune B appear in Rhapsody in Blue?	Bar 11 (figure 1)
When does Tune D appear in Rhapsody in Blue?	Figure 9
When does Tune E appear in Rhapsody in Blue?	Figure D
When does Tune F appear in Rhapsody in Blue?	Figure 28

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