Flower/Fruit Terminology + Identification

Question	Answer
Hypogynous	Ovary is superior, rests above perianth
Epigynous	Ovary is inferior, rests below perianth
Perigynous	Ovary is fused to receptacle, neither superior nor inferior; hypanthium
Dicot Flowers	Petals/parts in multiples of 2 or 5
Monocot flowers	petals/parts in multiples of 3
Actinomorphic	Regularly radially symmetrical flower
Zygomorphic	Bilaterally symetrical
Complete	contains all parts
Incomplete	is missing 1 or more parts
Perfect	Has both male and female structures
Imperfect	Lacks either male or female structures
Carpel	Female reproductive structure
Stamen	Male reproductive structure
Stigma	Spongy tip of carpel that catches pollen
Style	Tube that leads from stigma to ovary
Ovary	Female structure that contains eggs (ovules); becomes fruit
Filament	Stalk that holds anther
Anther	Male structure that produces pollen grains
Petals	Main colorful parts of flower
Sepals	Outgrowths below the petals
Tepals	Undifferentiated petals and sepals
Corolla	Whorl of petals
Calyx	Whorl of sepals
Perianth	Combined calyx and corolla
Receptacle	Fleshy base holding flower on pedicel
Pedicel	Stalk holding flower
Inflorescence	Arrangement of flowers
Peduncle	Stalk holding pedicels
Image: A5umbel (image/jpeg)	Umbel
Image: Compound Umbel 1 Sm (image/gif)	Compound umbel
Image: Corymb 1 Sm (image/gif)	Corymb
Image: 200px Inflorescences Raceme Kwiatostan Grono.Svg (image/png)	Raceme
Image: Spike (binary/octet-stream)	Spike
Fruit	Structure that contains the seed
Fleshy	Fruit that has fleshy, moist pericarp
Dry	Fruit that has a dry, often hard pericarp
Dehiscent	Dry fruit that splits open on maturity e.g. okra (capsule); bean pods (silique/legume)
Indehiscent	Dry fruit that does not split open upon maturity e.g. nuts (acorns, etc.); caryopsis (grain); achene (sunflower seed); samara (winged)
Berry	Fleshy fruit with thin skin, seeds dispersed throughout e.g. banana, tomato, blueberry
Pepo	Modified type of berry with a thick rind e.g. watermelon, pumpkin, etc.
Hesperidium	Modified type of berry with leathery skin, oil pores, and segments e.g. citrus fruit
Pomme	Accessory fruit of papery flesh made of receptacle with small seeds in the core e.g. apple, pear, etc.
Drupe	Fleshy fruit with one hard seed in the center e.g. peach, plum, raspberry, etc.
Accessory Fruit	Fruit that consists partially of plant structures other than the ovary e.g. apples, strawberries, etc.
Aggregate Fruit	Structures of more than one fruit made from multiple carpels of one flower e.g. strawberry, blackberry, etc.
Multiple fruit	Structure of more than one fruit consisting of fruit made from more than one flower e.g. pineapple, etc.
Endocarp	Innermost part of fruit, surrounding seed
Mesocarp	Middle part of fruit
Exocarp	Outermost part of fruit
Pericarp	All parts of fruit (endocarp, mesocarp, exocarp)
Locule	Chambers of the ovary
Involocre	The bracts on the base of the receptacle, become the top part of acorn

Hypogynous

Ovary is superior, rests above perianth

Epigynous

Ovary is inferior, rests below perianth

Perigynous

Ovary is fused to receptacle, neither superior nor inferior; hypanthium

Dicot Flowers

Petals/parts in multiples of 2 or 5

Monocot flowers

petals/parts in multiples of 3

Actinomorphic

Regularly radially symmetrical flower

Zygomorphic

Bilaterally symetrical

Complete

contains all parts

Incomplete

is missing 1 or more parts

Perfect

Has both male and female structures

Imperfect

Lacks either male or female structures

Carpel

Female reproductive structure

Stamen

Male reproductive structure

Stigma

Spongy tip of carpel that catches pollen

Style

Tube that leads from stigma to ovary

Ovary

Female structure that contains eggs (ovules); becomes fruit

Filament

Stalk that holds anther

Anther

Male structure that produces pollen grains

Petals

Main colorful parts of flower

Sepals

Outgrowths below the petals

Tepals

Undifferentiated petals and sepals

Corolla

Whorl of petals

Calyx

Whorl of sepals

Perianth

Combined calyx and corolla

Receptacle

Fleshy base holding flower on pedicel

Pedicel

Stalk holding flower

Inflorescence

Arrangement of flowers

Peduncle

Stalk holding pedicels

Image: A5umbel (image/jpeg)

Umbel

Image: Compound Umbel 1 Sm (image/gif)

Compound umbel

Image: Corymb 1 Sm (image/gif)

Corymb

Image: 200px Inflorescences Raceme Kwiatostan Grono.Svg (image/png)

Raceme

Image: Spike (binary/octet-stream)

Spike

Fruit

Structure that contains the seed

Fleshy

Fruit that has fleshy, moist pericarp

Dry

Fruit that has a dry, often hard pericarp

Dehiscent

Dry fruit that splits open on maturity e.g. okra (capsule); bean pods (silique/legume)

Indehiscent

Dry fruit that does not split open upon maturity e.g. nuts (acorns, etc.); caryopsis (grain); achene (sunflower seed); samara (winged)

Berry

Fleshy fruit with thin skin, seeds dispersed throughout e.g. banana, tomato, blueberry

Pepo

Modified type of berry with a thick rind e.g. watermelon, pumpkin, etc.

Hesperidium

Modified type of berry with leathery skin, oil pores, and segments e.g. citrus fruit

Pomme

Accessory fruit of papery flesh made of receptacle with small seeds in the core e.g. apple, pear, etc.

Drupe

Fleshy fruit with one hard seed in the center e.g. peach, plum, raspberry, etc.

Accessory Fruit

Fruit that consists partially of plant structures other than the ovary e.g. apples, strawberries, etc.

Aggregate Fruit

Structures of more than one fruit made from multiple carpels of one flower e.g. strawberry, blackberry, etc.

Multiple fruit

Structure of more than one fruit consisting of fruit made from more than one flower e.g. pineapple, etc.

Endocarp

Innermost part of fruit, surrounding seed

Mesocarp

Middle part of fruit

Exocarp

Outermost part of fruit

Pericarp

All parts of fruit (endocarp, mesocarp, exocarp)

Locule

Chambers of the ovary

Involocre

The bracts on the base of the receptacle, become the top part of acorn

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Flower/Fruit Terminology + Identification

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	Created by Abby Bickle over 6 years ago