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Description
Flashcards by Oliver Faragher, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Oliver Faragher
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three types of chemical bonds? | Ionic, Covalent and Metallic |
| What is an ionic bond? | A bond between metals and non-metals where you have two or more oppositely charged ions (NB: Metals always lose electrons) |
| What is a covalent bond? | A bond between two non-metals where atoms share electrons |
| What is a metallic bond? | A bond between two metals where atoms share delocalized electrons |
| What force holds a ionic compound together? | Electrostatic forces of attraction between the negative and positive ions |
| What force holds a metallic bond together? | The forces of attraction between negative delocalized electrons and positive atoms |
| What are the properties of the different types of bond? | |
| Why do atoms form bonds? | To make stable compounds |
| In ionic bonding, which type of atom gains electrons and which type loses? | Non-Metals gain Metals lose |
| Dot and cross diagram | |
| What physical form do ionicly bonded compounds take? | Crystals |
| What form do the electrostatic forces make an ionic compound into? | A giant lattice |
| What is empirical formula? | Symbol equation compounds (MgO, NaCL) |
| Methane quadruple covalent bond | |
| How are metallic compounds arranged? | In giant repeating structures |
| Metallic compound diagram | |
| Why can metallic compounds conduct electricity? | They have delocalized electrons which can carry the electric charges |
| What are the three states of matter (and any more you can name) | Liquid, solid, gas (Amorphous solids, Crystalline solids, Plastic crystal, Quasi-crystal Liquid crystal, Disordered hyperuniformity, Excitonium Degenerate matter, Electron-degenerated matter, Neutron-degenerated matter, Strange matter, Photonic matter Quantum, Quantum spin Hall state Bose–Einstein condensate, Fermionic condensate, Superconductivity Superfluid, Supersolid, Quantum spin liquid, String-net liquid ,Supercritical fluid, Dropleton, Jahn–Teller metal Time crystals, Quark–gluon plasma, Weakly symmetric matter, Strongly symmetric matter) |
| What are small molecules? | Molecules with 2 or 3 atoms joined together and no charge |
| What are main properties of small molecules? | low melting/boiling points liquids/gases non-conductive |
| What are polymers? | Very large molecules held together by strong electrostatic forces |
| What are the forces in monomers called? | INTRAmolecular forces |
| What are the forces between polymers called? | INTERmolecular forces |
| What are the two main methods of making polymers? | Addition and condensation |
| What type of bond holds giant structures together? | Covalent |
| What are the shared properties of silicon dioxide and diamond? | - Very Hard - Very high melting point - Insoluable in water - Does not conduct electricity (First 2 due to strong bonds) |
| Why do covalently bonded compounds fail to conduct electricity and why is graphite the exception? | 1) All electrons are used up by the covalent bonds 2) Graphite has some delocalized electrons due to only having 3 covalent bonds - leaving one carbon atom free |
| What is an alloy? | A mixture of two metallic elements |
| What does disrupting the natural layers found in pure metals do to that metals property? | The disruption of the natural layer results in metals no longer being malleable or ductile |
| What is the structure of diamond? | Carbon models held to one another by four bonds each eventually forming a tetrahedron shape |
| What is the structure of graphite? | Carbon atoms connected by three covalent bonds each forming a plane of hexagonal rings |
| What are fullerenes? | Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes |
| How are fullerenes used medically? | They can act as hollow cages to trap other chemicals and transport them around the body |
| What are nanoparticles? | Particles between 1nm and 100nm in size |
| What happens to elements/compounds as you cut them down until they are the size of nanoparticles? | Their surface area to volume ratio increases and as they become nanoparticles their properties change |
| What are: - Atoms - Nuclei - Sub-atomic particles Measured in? | - Picometres (pm) - Femtometres (fm) - Attometres (am) |
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