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| Question | Answer |
| What are the two skeletal types? | Hydrostatic and Rigid |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Locomotion, support, protection, site of blood production and mineral storage |
| How does it help locomotion? | Skeletal system provides points of attachment for muscles, limbs move when muscles pull on bones |
| How does it support? | Backbone = main support center for vertebrate body, holds head + protects spinal cord |
| How does it protect? | Bones of skull protect brain, ribs protect (+ help ventilate) the lungs and protect heart |
| Give two examples of mineral storage | Calcium, phosphorus |
| What are the two types of vetebrate skeleton? | Axial and appendicular |
| What is the axial skeleton? | Bones of head, vertebral column and ribs + sternum |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | Bones of limbs |
| What are the three skull shapes? | Mesocephalic, dolichocephalic and brachycephalic |
| What is a mesophalic skull? | ‘Normal’ type i.e. changed least from wild type of skull seen in ancestor of the dog (wolf) e.g. border collie, labrador |
| What is a dolichocephalic skull? | Long and narrow e.g. greyhound |
| What is a brachycephalic skull? | Short, broad and ‘flat’ in facial regions e.g. pug |
| What is the atlas vertebrae? | 1st cervical vert. allowing up + down motion of head and neck |
| What are the 5 types of vertebrae in order? | |
| What is the axis vertebrae? | 2nd cervical vert. allowing rotary movement of head on neck |
| What is the structure of the ribs? | A dorsal bony part articulates with appropriate vertebra and ventral cartilaginous part attached to the sternum |
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