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| Question | Answer |
| Sight a) sensory organ b) function c) receptor cells | a) eyes b) detect food / predators, time of day and position within environment c) photoreceptor cells (two types of eye: simple + compound) |
| Taste a) sensory organ b) function c) receptor cells | a) tongue - dissolved chemicals (Salty / sour / bitter / sweet / umami > savoury) b) palatability of food / toxins c) taste buds, upper surface of tongue, epiglottis and soft palate |
| Hearing a) sensory organ b) function | a) ears - sound waves b) detect prey / predators, communicate with conspecifics |
| Smell a) sensory organ b) function c) receptor cells | a) vomeronasal organ - airborne chemicals b) detect pheromones, palatability of food, prey / predators c) mucous membrane lining nasal cavities |
| Touch a) sensory organ b) function c) receptor cells | a) skin - physical contact b) interact w/ environment, social bonding c) dermis, tiny nerve endings (heat, cold, pain, pressure) |
| Schlera | Tough fibrous outer coating, transparent cornea = light in, thin protective epithelium layer |
| Uvea | pigmented middle layer |
| Iris | pigment cells, smooth muscle fibres, diff. light intensity > constrict / dilate pupil |
| Pupil | allow light > lens, characteristic shape (cats = vertical slits, dogs round) |
| Retina | innermost layer containing photoreceptor cells, rods = black / white vision, cones = colour vision |
| How does the retina function? | light focused on retina by lens > stimulates photoreceptors > nerve impulses transmit via optic nerve > brain (at exit of optic nerve is optic disc, no receptors = blind spot) |
| Anterior, posterior and vitreous chambers | fluids maintain shape of eye + provide nutrients to structure |
| Tapetum lucidum | thick reflective membrane in cat / dog eyes lying beneath the retina collecting and re-emitting light back to the retina a 2nd time, giving rods another chance to absorb the image info |
| Eyelids | keep cornea clean, moist and supple via secretions from lacrimal gland (tears) |
| Other senses? (6) | Infrasound, echolocation / ultrasound, electrical, magnetic, vibrations |
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