148189
Description
Flashcards by eimearkelly3, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by eimearkelly3
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Earthquakes | Tremors or vibrations in the earth's crust caused by the sudden release of energy along a fault line. |
| Order of shocks | Foreshock, Main shock, Aftershock |
| When plates return to their normal positions after an earthquakes. | Elastic rebound |
| Where the earthquake originates | Focus |
| The point on the surface directly above the focus | Epicentre |
| Most damage is done at the | Epicentre |
| Instrument used to measure and record earthquakes | Seismometer / seismograph |
| Instrument used to measure the magnitude/intensity of an earthquake Scale Type of scale | Richter Scale 1 -10 Logorythmic scale |
| Scale showing level of damage Scale | Modified Mercalli Scale 1 -12 |
| Preperations for earthquakes | Gas pipes can be turned off. Evacuation plans put in place. Building methods |
| Methods of prediction | History of earthquakes, patterns of earthquake activity, areas that have experienced a period of inactivity, tiltmeters to record changes in the level of land, signs of disturbance such as foreshocks, animal behaviour |
| Factors affecting damage | Time Magnitude Depth of the focus Distance from the epicentre Duration of the earthquake Type of rocks and soils Size of the population Building structures Utilities e.g. gas pipes |
| Effects of earthquakes | Loss of life, damage to property, communications, water supply, gas leaks, power cuts, liquefaction, fires, tsunamis, damage to sewage system, landslides, migration, economic slowdown |
| Ways to limit earthquake damage | earthquake-proof buildings (flexible columns / rollers), fire-proofing, stable ground (planning laws) |
| Tsunami | Destructive wave of water caused by an earthquake at sea. |
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