15266671
Description
Flashcards by Sabrina Rackley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sabrina Rackley
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| organized | ex. cells (tissue)- most function together if falls apart- disease or death |
| Metabolism | Acquire energy & material |
| Grow & Develop | Grow- pull together Develop- genetic information |
| Homeostasis | Maintain stability -balance (sugar) (body temperature) |
| Irritability | Respond to stimuli -aware (senses) |
| Evolve | ex. antibiotics |
| Science | a tool for certain things limited in application |
| Scientific Method | observation question hypothesis experimentation |
| Hypothesis | - dis-provability/idea must be falsifiable ex. blondes have more fun. (cant measure fun.) - educated guess. |
| inductive reasoning | leads to generalization (ex. look at enough you can generalize) |
| generalization | can be subjected to tests that might disprove them. |
| atoms | the smallest unit of matter that retains an element physical & chemical properties. |
| matter | substances that have mass (weight) and take up space. |
| nucleus | - where positively charged protons & neutral neutrons are located. - negatively charged electrons orbit it in shells. |
| Atomic theory | confident; pretty certain |
| Theory | guess (real world) |
| Theory: Cell gene evolution | - cell: all organisms composed of cells - gene: organisms contain coded information that dictates their form - evolution: all living things have a common ancestor. Each adapted to a particular way of life. |
| Goal of science | Understanding |
| objectivity | making decisions with out being bias |
| pseudoscience | should have evidence. should sound like science. |
| CHON NACLP | -Carbon -Hydrogen -Oxygen -Nitrogen -Sodium -Chlorine -Phosphorus |
| How do we define elements? | by the number of protons |
| radioactive | 14 6 C |
| Atomic weight Atomic number | number->14 weight--> 6 C |
| Atomic number | protons |
| Isotopes | atoms that differ in the number of neutrons. |
| Radioactive Isotopes | spontaneously decays, giving off rays and subatomic particles. |
| Carbon-14 | Half life- measurement of radioactive decay. |
| half life | 1->1/2 one half life 1/2->1/4 one half life 1/4-> 1/8 one half life -calculate of count the number of half-lives. -multiply times the length of each half-life. |
| Ions | are particles that carry a positive or negative charge ex. NaCl NA-, Cl+ |
| Molecule | a group of atoms of the same element bonded together |
| Compound | a group of atoms of different elements bonded together. |
| Covalent Reaction | atoms share electrons in covalent bonds instead of losing or gaining them. |
| Single Bond | when atoms share a single pair of electrons. |
| Double Bond | is formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons |
| Triple Bond | is formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons. |
| Water | -water molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds. -water is a polar molecule |
| Hydrogen bonds | individual molecules weak to other water molecules. |
| Acid | dissociates in water and releases more hydrogen ions H+ ( or less OH) |
| Bases | take up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-) |
| pH Scale | measures acidity or alkalinity of a solution (neutral = 7) - acidic < 7 (H-) - basic > 7 (OH-) |
| Blood pH | -Brain responds to pH of blood. -acidic blood (high CO2) triggers respiration -lungs and kidneys work together to maintain pH homeostasis |
| Molecules of Life | - carbohydrates - lipids - protein -nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates | quick source of energy ex. sugars; combination of sugars |
| monosaccharides | -simple sugars - glucose -fructose (common in fruit |
| disaccharides | -sucrose (combination of glucose & fructose) |
| sucrose | flows through blood stream |
| polysaccharide | -sugar molecules connected together |
| starch | plants (potatoes) & rice |
| cellulose | pant cell wall (cant digest) |
| Lipids | contain more energy per gram than any other biological molecule -don't dissolve in water -absence of polar groups (CHO) |
| Fats | -animal origin, solid at room temperature. |
| Oils | -plant origin, solid at room temperature |
| Triglicerides | -3 fatty acids |
| Phospholipids | contain a phosphate head and fatty acid tail (cell membrane) - made up from phospholipids |
| Emulsifier | a food additive used to stabilize processed foods. - any chemical that helps dissolve and stick to a fat. |
| Steroids | -is a lipid with a backbone of poor fused carbon rings (not a protein) -testosterone -estrogen |
| proteins | are macromolecules wit amino acid subunit - an amino acid has a central carbon atom bond to a hydrogen and three groups (egg whites) |
| Nucleic Acids | huge macromolecules composed of nucleotides. |
| nucleotide | is constructed of phosphate. -DNA is covered up by proteins |
| Genome | concept of looking at every gene and how they interact |
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