15786407
Description
Flashcards by August Edström, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by August Edström
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are benefits & disadvantages of using models? | Pros: Formal specification of a theory(working code), gives something concrete to discuss about(code), make predictions, understanding by building Cons: |
| What are the benefits of models for industry/practice? | Usability test, trying out models "in the wild" Have human-like experiences Make apropriate decisions due to understanding of user |
| What is a unified theory of cognition? | Develop one theory that can describe (almost) all facets of human behaviuos. Describe interactions between theories of different domains/situations/components |
| What is difference between cognitive model and cognitive architecture? | The architecture sets the framework of that has a funtion and a structure. Within this framework it is then possible to model a specific task or process |
| What is relationship of cognitive models and architectures with strong/weak AI, Turing machine, over & under constrained theory | Turing machine and strong AI are theories that have architectures that surpass human cognition. In order to build models that do tasks in a "human way" it is needed to constrain the underlyting theorys. Under constrained leads to a more powerful architecture. Over constrained leads to weaker. |
| What are different levels of abstraction, their characteristics, benefits, disadvantages (Newell and Marr perspective) | Newell: Abstraction different time spans. From ms to months and years. Marr: Abstraction in terms of different aspects of behavior. |
| Describe each of Marr’s 3 levels(C&P) | Computational: why do we do what we do? Algorithmic: how is a computational theory implemented?(detailed algorithms) Implementation: what is the physical implementation?(neuoscience, where in the brain a process occurs) |
| What was Marr’s criticism of cognitive systems that were not rooted in CL?(C&P) | That the goal of those systems would be mimicry and not understanding. |
| What are limitations of CL?(C&P) | CL explations does not take into account the mechanism and process that it demands. Therefore, the theories CL makes have limited predictive utility. Also cant measure response time when conducting a experiment |
| What are limitations of IL?(C&P) | Hard to understand higher cognitive processes at the neural level. Given action at neural level it is difficult to "reverse inference" back a related cognitive-level process |
| What is the value of tying the CL or IL to the ARL?(C&P) | To degrade the optimal solution to a suboptimal which corresponds more to a human-like performance |
| What is the value of specifying a model in a cognitive architecture(C&P) | The architecture gives a cognitive system with interacting functional components. A mordel in this architechture can therefore make use of all three levels |
| Describe each of Newell’s 4 bands. How do they relate to time units and systems? | Biological(ms) - basic cognition, muscle movements Cognitive(s) - dial number, say sentence Rational(min) - Drive to store, find gas station Social(days,months) - Keep in touch with friends and family |
| What is the decomposition thesis? | Claims that learning occurring at the social band can be reduced to learning occurring at lower bands |
| What is the relevance thesis? | Claims that instructional outcomes at the social band can be improved by paying attention to cognition at lower bands |
| What is the modeling thesis? | It says that cognitive modeling provides a basis for bridging between events on the small scale and desired outcomes on the large scale |
| Why is the “unit-task” level useful for each thesis? | It is useful for assessing the theses |
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